DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING

OF INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER
PRESENTED BY:
ABHISHEK KUMAR
ROLL: 130104005
EEE(3RD YEAR)

INTRODUCTION
Widely used device for amplification of low level signals
Belongs to the category of differential amplifier
because of two different inputs
This helps in eliminating the
Common noise signal in two
inputs.
Found in measurement and
test equipments

 Instrumentation amplifiers are important

integrated circuits when dealing with low
voltage situations.
The instrumentation amplifier consists of
two stages. The input first stage offers very
high impedance to both input signals and
allows setting gain with a single resistor.
The second stage is a differential amplifier
with output, negative feedback and ground
connections are all brought out.

DESIGN OF PRACTICAL
CIRCUIT

DESIGNING CONTINUED
1. Selecting an Op Amp:
The operational amplifier selected is LM741
Three operational amplifier model is selected of specified gain

2. Selecting Resistor Values:

Typical instrument amplifier is having 7 resistors
Only one resistor Rg dictates the overall gain of amplifier
Vout = (V1 V2)(R3/R2)(1+2R1/Rg)
The selected values of resistors for the development of amplifier are as
follows:
R1 = 10k
R2 = 5k
R3 = 10k
Rg = 5k

DESIGNING CONTINUED
3. Calculating Gain:
The gain of the designed amplifier from the equation
Gain= (R3/R2)(1+2R1/Rg)
Gain= (10k/5k)(1+2x10k/5k)
Gain= 10
The calculated gain for the above design is found to
be10.
It suggests that for every differential input , the value of
output will be amplified by ten times.
The gain can be increased by decreasing the value of
gain resistance.

CHARACTERISTICS OF
INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER
The ideal characteristics are as follows:
Finite, Accurate and Stable Gain
the gain is almost fixed using fixed set of resistors.
Easier Gain Adjustment
can be set up with the help of one resistor Rg.
High Input Impedance
ideally input impedance should be infinity.
Low Output Impedance
ideally output impedance should be zero.
High CMRR(common mode rejection ratio)
the CMMR of instrumentation amplifier should be as high as
possible to reduce the noise in two different signals.

APPLICATIONS OF
INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER
Measurement Applications:
these circuits are used for istaking measurements from sensors
and transducers

Instrumentation amps excel at extracting very weak signals from

noisy environments;thus they are often used in circuits that
employ sensors that take measurements of physical parameters
An instrumentation amp can amplify floating signals because it
only amplifies the difference between the two input terminals.

APPLICATIONS
CONTINUED

Biomedical Applications:
These circuits find widespread use in nearly every medical device for the
fact that instrumentation amplifiers are also precise.
Instrumentation amps do not require external
feedback resistors; using only a single external gain
setting resistor to configure the amplification factor
This allows the device to have its gain set to an
exact number, based on the needs of the circuit.
Most biomedical sensors are very high impedance and generate tiny
signals, such as blood pressure sensors, ultrasound transducers, polarized
and non-polarized electrodes, and radiation thermometry transducers.
Industrial Applications:
Instrumentation amps also find usage in industrial automation, where
many systems use current flow to relay measurements and control
remote installations.

CONCLUSION
Various advantages of instrumentation
amplifier were observed and these special
features make it suitable for use in almost
every field.
uses in nearly every field of electronics; they
fulfill a specific role in circuits needing the
advantages of high input impedance with good
gainwhile providing common mode noise
rejection and fully differential inputs.
With such widespread use, this is a device
every engineer should have in his tool belt.

THANK YOU!