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Chapter 8
Linear Regression
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Residuals
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Residuals (cont.)
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Residuals (cont.)
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protein.
If a burger has average
protein content, it should
have about average fat
content too.
Moving one standard
deviation away from the
mean in x moves us r
standard deviations away
from the mean in y.
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
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y b0 b1 x
We write y
to emphasize that the points that satisfy this
equation are just our predicted values, not the actual data
values.
This model says that our predictions from our model
follow a straight line.
If the model is a good one, the data values will scatter
closely around it.
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
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b1 r
sy
sx
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b0 y b1 x
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Residuals Revisited
The linear model assumes that the relationship
between the two variables is a perfect straight
line. The residuals are the part of the data that
hasnt been modeled.
Data = Model + Residual
or (equivalently)
Residual = Data Model
Or, in symbols,
e y y
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
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se
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n 2
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Reporting R2
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Outlier Condition:
Watch out for outliers.
Outlying points can dramatically change a
regression model.
Outliers can even change the sign of the slope,
misleading us about the underlying relationship
between the variables.
If the data seem to clump or cluster in the
scatterplot, that could be a sign of trouble worth
looking into further.
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Reality Check:
Is the Regression Reasonable?
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