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Principles of Communication
Systems, Third Edition
Herbert Taub, Donald L Schilling,
Goutam Saha

Chapter 1 : Part B
Introduction : Signal and Spectra
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Power Spectral Density (PSD)

Normalized power,
Power Spectral Density,
Also,
Power in a frequency range,
PSD of output of linear system,
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Fourier Transform
pair
Input-Output in Fourier domain
Or,

such that,
Alternate representation,

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Example

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Another Example

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Fourier Transform Properties -1

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Fourier Transform Properties -2

Convolution,
if,
Parsevals Theorem,
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Distortion due to band limiting

(a) Low Pass Filter

(b) High Pass Filter

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Fourier Transform and

Autocorrelation
For periodic signal, autocorrelation and PSD
are Fourier Transform pair.

For nonperiodic signal, autocorrelation and

energy density are Fourier Transform pair

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Another Example

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Band Pass Filter from Low Pass Filter

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In general a band pass or band limited signal can be written as,

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Paley-Weiner Criterion
The sufficient and necessary condition for realizable
filter with amplitude response |H(f)| requires,

This does not allow |H(f)| to be zero over a finite

frequency band.
A practical filter transfer function |H(f)| is
Fourier Transform of delayed, truncated impulse
response of ideal transfer function.
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Orthogonal Representation
Orthogonality
over an interval
Any arbitrary function f(x) can be written as,

where,

Orthonormal if,

Fourier
Series is
Orthogonal
complete set

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Signal and Vectors

Orthonormal functions :
Arbitrary function,
while,
while,

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Geometrical representation

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Decomposition of signal in terms of

orthonormal vectors

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Distinguishability of signal

The higher the distance d, the more is the distinguishability.

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End of Chapter 1
Part B

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