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Nucleus
Muscle fiber
(cell)
Striations
Nucleus
Muscle fiber
Intercalated
disk
Striations
Muscle fiber
Characteristic
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
Nuclei
Single nucleus
Single nucleus
Multinucleated
Striated
Non-striated
Striated
Striated
Cellular
Junctions
Intercalated
discs
No
Muscle fiber
shape
Spindle-shaped
Branched
Cylindrical
Contraction
Involuntary
Involuntary
Voluntary
Triceps
muscle
relaxes.
Triceps muscle
contracts
(extensor).
Biceps muscle
contracts (flexor).
Biceps
muscle
relaxes.
Muscle Organization
Muscle
fascicle: bundle of
muscle fibers
muscle fiber: a fused
muscle cell
Tendon
Bone
Connective tissues
Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium
Vanders Human Physiology, 13
th
edition
Figure 12.3
Figure 12.3
Thick
filament
Thin
filament
T-tubules
Myofibril
Sarcolemma
Figure 12.4
Muscle
Structure
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Figure 12.3
13
Myofibril
Sarcomere: the
unit of
contraction in a
myofibril.
A band I band
Z line
Z line
Sarcomere
M line
Z line
Z line
A band / I band
Z line
H zone (M line)
H zone
Sliding-Filament Mechanism
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A band
I band
Muscle Relaxed
Myosin
Actin
Sarcomere
shortens with
contraction.
Half of
I band
Half of
I band
H zone
Z line
Muscle Contracted
H zone and I band both
shorten, while A band
remains constant.
I
Myosin binds to actin, and slides on it, pulling the adjacent Zlines closer, and reduces the width of the I-bands and H
bands.
Filament lengths and A bands lengths are not changed.
Summary
Figure 12.6
19
Overview
Cellular Structure of Muscle
Mechanism of Muscle
Contraction (pp385-391, 415-420)
Neuromuscular Junction
Excitation - Contraction Coupling
Cross Bridge Cycle
20
Figure 5.24
21
Quick
Preview/Review of
Action Potential
22
23
24
Figure 12.11
25
26
Figure 12.10
27
Neuromuscular Junction
The exocytosis of acetylcholine (ACh) from the
axon terminal occurs when the acetylcholine
vesicles merge into the membrane covering the
terminal.
On the membrane of the muscle fiber, the ACh
receptors (nicotinic cholinergic receptor) respond
to ACh binding by Na+ influx.
If the Na+ influx is large enough, it triggers an
action potential on the muscle fiber.
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Overview
Cellular Structure of Muscle
Mechanism of Muscle
Contraction (pp385-391, 415-420)
Neuromuscular Junction
Excitation - Contraction Coupling
Cross Bridge Cycle
30
31
Figure 12.11
32
33
Cytosolic Ca2
Troponin
G-actin
Tropomyosin shifts,
exposing binding
site on actin.
TN
TN
Myosin head
Tropomyosin
Pi
ADP
ADP
Actin
moves
Ca2 binds to
troponin (TN).
Troponin-Ca2
complex pulls
tropomyosin
away from actins
myosin-binding site.
Power stroke
Pi
Actin filament
moves.
Troponin - Ca2+
sensing
Tropomyosin blocks the binding
site of myosin on
actin.
Ca2+ binds to specific
binding sites on
troponin and produces
a conformational
change, which moves
tropomyosin away
FYI: The troponin test
from
myosin binding
measures the levels of
troponin
site
onsubunits
actin.troponin T
and troponin I in the blood.
These proteins arereleased
when the heart muscle has
35
Figure 12.10b
36
Overview
Cellular Structure of Muscle
Mechanism of Muscle
Contraction (pp385-391, 415-420)
Neuromuscular Junction
Excitation - Contraction Coupling
Cross Bridge Cycle
37
Myosin
binding sites
Myosin filament
NAVIGATOR
ATP binds.
ADP
releases.
Contractionrelaxation
Sliding filament
Head
swivels.
Myosin
releases Pi.
Ca2
signal
Power stroke begins
when tropomyosin
(not shown) moves
off the binding site.
ADP
Pi
ADP and Pi
remain bound.
40
Table 9.2
Rigor Mortis
Rigor mortis the gradual stiffening of skeletal
muscles that begins several hours after death
and disappears about 48 hours after death.
Caused by the lack of ATP after death, thus the
breakage of the link between actin and myosin
does not occur.
Applications:
In forensic science to determine the approximate
time of death.
In meat industry, to prevent cold shortening,
electrical stimulation is carried out, immediately
after slaughter and skinning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigor_mortis
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Relaxation
Figure 12.10c
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Online Tutorials
Neuromuscular Junction
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wM5_aUn2qs
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJj3jUVDFFo
The Cross Bridge Cycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ki6WjplSUcE
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