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Introduction:
The major source of energy besides animal and human power are
petroleum, natural gas, coal, hydropower, biomass, geothermal, nuclear
wind and solar. These resources can be substituted for one another in order
to . However in practice substitution would be subject to technical and
economic limitation that circumscribe the use of such energy resources for
specific purposes at given location and periods of time.
Few energy resources are used and consumed at the same location and
most of them require generally elaborate transportation and conversion
facilities to make them useful to performing the intended tasks
Analysis of energy resources therefore should cover availability and also
the production, processing and distribution facilities
Energy Science:
Science is systemized body of knowledge about any department of
nature internal or external to man.
The energy science deals with scientific principles, characteristics,
laws , rules, unit/dimensions, measurement process about various forms of
energy and energy transformation. Science involves experimentations,
measurements, mathematical calculations, laws and observations etc.
4. Large fossil power plants without emission control devices are emitting flay ash
SOx , NOx , CO etc. in atmosphere resulting in pollution, ecological disasters, global
warming, acid rains etc. Energy, Environment and power plants are closely interlinked.
Independent study of individual branch of science and technology does not give
solution to energy problems facing a man, society, nation and the world.
Energy technology integrates the energy aspects of various branches of science, with
broad overview of various energy problems. Energy technology suggests alternative
solutions within the framework of available science and technological base and energy
resources.
Each branch of engineering science has certain theories, laws, equations, units and
dimensions.
Energy science co-relates the equations and analysis between various different
branches of Engineering Sciences.
Energy technology takes an overview of entire energy conversion process from raw
energy input to final delivery of secondary energy. This involves chemical, thermal,
mechanical, electrical, bio, nuclear and other engineering sciences.
Facts and figures about energy
These are the figures about energy of World Energy Production;
27% Coal
21% Natural Gas
39% Crude Oil
6% Nuclear
6% Hydro-electric Power
Fossil Fuels are 87% of the worlds energy production. Wind and Solar
Energy Exploited
Energy is derived from conventional and non-conventional resources and the former
are in the
process of depletion. These are fossil fuels-oil, coal and natural gas. It took million of
years to build up these resources. Non-conventional resources are solar energy, wind
energy, water energy and biomass.
World demand for oil (according to UN reports) rose from 436 million tonnes in 1960 to
2189 million tonnes in 1970 and to 3200 million tonnes in 1999. The corresponding
figures for coal are 1043, 1635 and 2146 and for natural gas the figures are 187, 1022
and 2301. The demand will continue to grow.
Of the developing countries, China has the highest per capita consumption of energy.
For India, per capita consumption is lower than that of China. It may be mentioned that
consumption figures represent commercial energy and do not take into account the
non-commercial energy used by developing countries where poor people use wood that
is acquired by gathering without any payment. Among non-conventional resources,
hydropower is the largest.
Hydropower projects are in operation both in developed and developing countries notable among the latter are China, India and Brazil. Hydropower potential is huge and
at present only 15 percent of the potential in the developing world is being utilized.
Wind power has also a great potential. Windmills and sails have been in use since
ancient times. It is a fast growing resource.
In 1980s, wind energy generation of the world was 10 megawatts. In the year 2000 it
was 14000 megawatts. Green Piece International estimates that if the present trend
continues wind power could supply 10% of worlds electricity by 2020.