Three different research activities undergoing under one major projects entitled

1.Demonstration and promotion of multipurpose tree/fruits, shrub,

herbaceous legumes and grass species at different growing niches in
selected Model Watershed areas
1.1Promotion of multipurpose tree/fruit, shrub, herbaceous legumes and
grass species at

Homestead

1.2Demonstration of integrated multipurpose tree, shrub, herbaceous

Farm land and soil bunds

1.3Stabilization and rehabilitation of gullies and hillside ( Enclosed areas)
legumes and grass species on

with multipurpose tree, shrub, herbaceous legumes and grass species

To demonstrate multipurpose trees, shrubs, herbaceous legumes and grass

at different growing niches

To enhance the livelihood of farmers in the selected watershed areas

Implemented watershed: Aba Gerima, Debre Mewi, Debre Yacob,

Gosh and Anjeni

2.

ethodology

The demonstration covered Aba Gerima, Debre Mewi, Debre Yacob, Gosh
and Anjeni).

Includes 16 homesteads, >10 farm land with clustered farmers, & 5closed
areas selected by teams (research site selection team, kebele Das,
watershed technicians) and local communities.

The demonstration incorporates above 20 species demonstrated in different

niches (homestead(18spp), farm land(10spp) & closed areas(17spp).

The species we introduced in the watershed depending on ecological

fitness, & their multipurpose benefits.

ntegration:

orestry,

Horticulture and Soil &

water

The species are planted at a spacing of 2m, 3m, and 4m, 8m, depending on:
project objective, farmers interest & size of land that have, fertility of soil,
species and adoption of referred literatures.

Sites: All five watersheds(WLRC)

Parameters measured: baseline data(soil, photo), Survival, height and

diameter (root collar diameter), newly emerged spp, Farmers opinion.

1.1Promotion of multipurpose tree/fruit, shrub, herbaceous legumes

and grass species at Homestead

Table 1: list of species demonstrated at homestead

No Botanical Names
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Watershed Sites
A/gerima D/mewi Gosh Anjeny
Aacacia abysinica
Acacia decurrence
x
Albezia grandibraceata x
x
x
Albezia lebbeck
x
x
Albezia schimperiana
x
x
x
Chamaecytus palmensis x
x
x
x
Casuarina ecustifolia
x
Citrus species
x
x
Cordia africana
x
x
Hagenia abyssinica
x
x
x
x
Gravilea robusta
x
x
Maerua aethiopica
x
Milletia ferruginea
x
x
x
x
Moringa stenopetala
x
Rhamnus prinoides
x
x
x
x
Sesbania aculeata
x
x
Ficus tonningii
x
-

D/ Yakob
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
6

Table 1: list of species demonstrated at farmland

No Botanical Names
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Watershed Sites
A/gerima D/mewi Gosh Anjeny
Aacacia abysinica
x
Aacacia albida
X
Albezia grandibraceata X
x
x
x
Albezia lebbeck
x
x
Albezia schimperiana
X
x
Chamaecytus palmensis X
x
x
x
Leucaena leucocephala x
Milletia ferruginea
x
Sesbania aculeata
x
x

D/ Yakob
x
x
-

Table 1: list of species demonstrated at closed areas

No Botanical Names
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Watershed Sites
A/gerima D/mewi Gosh Anjeny
Aacacia abysinica
x
x
Acacia albida
x
Acacia decurrence
x
x
x
x
Albezia species
x
Cordia africana
x
x
Hagenia abyssinica x
x
x
Moringa stenopetala x
Sesbania aculeata
x
x
x

D/ Yakob
x
x
x
x
x

3.Progress Summary

Most species had better survival on homestead than farmland & closed one.

But depends on the farmers, some farmers clever they protect from animals
and other damage. E.g some of the farmers (Berihun), most spp, shown better
survival rates.

table 1: Tree survival on Homestead (Debremewi Watershed)

No
Species
Survival of tree species on Homestead (%)
Berihun Mulat Melaku Atnkut Ewunetu
1
Rhamnus prinoides
100 42
29
52
2
Cordia africana
100 75
75
50
100
3
Acacia decrunce
90 100
50
4
Milletia ferruginea
90 60
30
30
5
Casuarina equstifolia
90 40
68
68
2
6
Gravilia robusta
65 80
75
25
7
Hyginea abyssinica
40 80
80
20
8
Albizia grandibraceata
20 10
30
20
10
9
Albizia lebbeck
0 10
Chamaecytus palmensis
0 85
10
15
11
Maerua aethiopica
0 100
9

Table: Tree Survival on Farm Land (Debremewi Watershed)

10

Spp

Agimas
Plan Survi
ted ved

Belete
Plant Sur %
ed
vive
d

Telay
Plan Sur %
ted vive
d

Fekadu
Pla Survi %
nte ved
d

Total
Pla Survi %
nte ved
d

G.robusta

12

16.6

12

8.33 12

58.
3
90.
9

13

61.5

49

18

36.7

Albzia spp

11

45.4
5

11

9.09 11

10

11

36.3

44

20

45.4

A.lebeck

55.5

11.1 9

36

22.2

5
2
6

0
1
0

0
50
0

20
8
26

0
3
18

0
37.5
69.2

22.
2
0
0
85.
7
100

C.palm
C.africana
Citrus spp

5
2
6

0
1
4

0
50
66.6

5
2
7

0
1
6

0
5
50
2
85.7 6

0
0
6

H.abysinic
a
M.eathiopi
ca

100

100

75

66.6

66.6 3

100 3

100

12

11

91.66

M.ferrugin
ea
M.steno

100

50

37.5

37

10

20

37

8.1

37

18.
9

37

5.2

149 22

14.7

R.prinoids

10

50

10

50

10

10

100 10

40

50

20

11

Table.3: Tree survival on Homestead (Gosh Watershed)

No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Species

Survival of tree species on Homestead

(%)
Dilnesaw
Kis Amogn Dagnachew
Rhamnus prinoides
100
Albizia lebbeck
66.67
Acacia decrunce
0
40
33.33
Milletia ferruginea
100
Hyginea abyssinica
100
33.33
33.33
Albizia schimperina
14
Albizia grandibraceata
33
Chamaecytus palmensis
50
-

12

3.Progress Summary

Most species had better survival on homestead than farmland & closed one.

But depends on the farmers, some farmers clever they protect from animals
and other damage. E.g some of the farmers (Berihun), most spp, shown better
survival rates.

Table 4: Tree survival on Homestead (Anjeny Watershed)

No Species
1
2
3
4
5
6

Rhamnus prinoides
Sesbania aculeata
Milletia ferruginea
Hyginea abyssinica
Albizia species
Chamaecytus
palmensis

Survival of tree spp on Homestead (%) Yigzaw

Planted
Survived
%
15
2
13.33
20
6
30
20
3
15
4
3
75
20
15
75
10
0
0

13

Table 5: Tree survival on Homestead (D/yakob Watershed)

No

Species

1
2
3
4
5
6

Rhamnus prinoides
Cordia africana
Acacia decrunce
Milletia ferruginea
Hyginea abyssinica
Ficus thoninggi

Survival of tree species on Homestead (%)

Azale
Kis mekonon
100
100
20
50
40
0
20
70
100
30
10

14

Table 1: Tree Survival on Farm Land (Anjeni Watershed)

No
1
2
3
4

Species

Survival of tree species on Homestead (%)

Sileshi Bekalu
Sesbania aculeata
93.33
Acacia abyssinica
40
Albizia grandibraceata
46.67
Chamaecytus palmensis
50

15

Table 2: Tree Survival on Farm Land (Anjeni Watershed)

No Species
Survival of tree species on
Homestead (%)
Ashibir chekole Abitew ayenew
1
Acacia albida
0 0
2
Acacia abyssinica
53.33 56.67
3
Milletia ferruginea
0 0
4
Chamaecytus
66.67 76.4
palmensis
niche
D/yakob
farm land

species
C.Palmensis
A. Albida

mean ht
mean RCD
survival %
56.4
0.64
64.1
39.2
0.44
54.05

16

17

niche wshd species

mean ht
area
Gosh A.Grandi
closur
M. ferruginia
27.5
e
A.ducrrence
65
A.abyssinica
20
H.abyssinica
13.33

mean
RCD
0.2
0.37
0.1
0.27

total
survive survaiv
planted d
al %
20
13
65
5
2
40
15
11
73.33
5
3
60
20
17
85

mean
total
survive survaiv
nich
wshd species
mean ht RCD
planted d
al %
area
D/yak A.abyssinica
71.7
0.92
30
24
80
closure ob
M.ferruginia
18.2
0.5
12
12
100
C.africana
H.abyssinica

1.22

10
10

1
5

10
50

18

The survival rate is All species have lowest survival.

That maybe because: Different tree species have different ability to adapt;
but the major factors:

Free grazing (damage by animals and human,),

Lack of weeding and ridging, Age, initial seedling vigourity, ecological

fitness.

Shortage of water, &, technical errors and adaptation problems in that

locality, reduced their general performance.

The survival rate at homestead is better of all.

19

Still poor integration between extension and research especially in planting

Site selection rock/stony site, with out no structure for planting ,

Water shortage for homestead

Beating up missed due lack of vehicle, unable to weed & ridge seedlings in
time due labor shortage, poor community support on weeding and ridging
seedlings and protection

Lack of equipments such as camera, GPS to take baseline data

Dissemination of few bad things rather more courage's(especially from

always fault finder) that discourages us

Farmers negligency

20

Some of them are laggards/conservative

They rejected planting materials that we bring to homestead
They push us to plant at boundary for homestead
They shift/displaced planted seedlings to sites they want, narrowing
spacing's
We lack support from them in protecting seedlings, weeding & ridging &
so on
Farm land:
Protection problems (Foot damage, timely weeding & ridging lack)
Opportunities
Good awareness indication and acceptance
Good start relation of extension and research teams
Recommendation
Flexibility on each situation
Be appreciate good more things rather than dissemination of few faults

21

Poor awareness creation for Das, technician and woreda about our works

Management

Loose of collaboration in implementation

Fault disseminations that looses strength

22

23