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Emotion

Emotioncomplex, multicomponent episode


that creates readiness to act.
-From the Latin emovere which means to
move out conveys outward expression of
something inside

Emotion -Refers to the generalized


disturbance or stirring up of the
organism, with characteristic
conscious, behavioral and
physiological concomitants

Elements of Emotion

Elements of Emotion
1. Cognitive appraisalpersons
assessment of personal meaning
of his or her current circumstances
2. Subjective experienceawareness of
feeling tone it brings
3. Thought and action tendencies urges to
think and act in certain
ways

One way that feelings guide behavior and


information processing is through the
urges that accompany them. These urges
are called thought and action
tendencies

Example:
emotion
anger
fear
disgust
guilt
shame
happiness

thought-action
tendencies
attack
escape
expel
make amends
withdraw
laugh

Elements of Emotion
4. Internal bodily changes
visceral responses accompanying
the experience of emotion. Triggered
by the activation of sympathetic
division of autonomic nervous system
-Sympathetic nervous system
prepared the body for emergency
action and is responsible for the
bodily changes

Internal bodily changes


-blood pressure and heart rate increase
-perspiration becomes more rapid
-the pupils dilate
-perspiration increases while secretion of
saliva mucus decreases
-blood sugar level increases to provide more
energy

Internal bodily changes


-blood clots more quickly in case of wounds
- blood is diverted from the stomach and
intestines to the brain and skeletal
muscles
- the hairs on the skin become
erect, causing goose pimples

Elements of Emotion
5. Facial expression
6. Responses to emotion how
people cope with or react to their
own emotion or the situation that
elicited it

Theories of Emotion

Theories of Emotion
1. James Lange Theory
proponents William James & Carl
Lange. According to them, emotional
situations are accompanied by certain
characteristic bodily changes which
are both internal and external. These
bodily reactions, as they claimed are our
emotions

Theories of Emotion
1. James Lange Theory
proponents William James & Carl
Lange. According to them, emotional
situations are accompanied by certain
characteristic bodily changes which
are both internal and external

1. James Lange Theory


- It holds that physiological
responses give rise to our
cognitive experience of emotion.
Our body responds to a
perception of an event before we
experience the emotion

James Lange Theory


Perception of
emotionproducing
stimulus

Activation of
visceral and
skeletal
responses

Feedback from bodily


responses to the brain,
producing experience of
emotion

2. The Cannon-Bard Thalamic Theory


Following their objection to the
James-Lange theory, Walter Cannon,
and his student, L. Bard, proposed their
own theory of emotion which states that
the thalamus, which is a part of the
brains central core, has the central role in
emotion. They called it the Thalamic
Theory

Perception of
emotionproducing
stimulus

Processing of stimulus by
thalamus which
simultaneously sends
messages to the cortex and
other parts of the body

Messages to
cortex produce
experience of
emotion

Messages from
thalamus activate
visceral and skeletal
response

3. The Facial Feedback Hypothesis


The idea that facial expressions, in
addition to their communicative function,
also contribute to our experience of
emotions is called the facial feedback
hypothesis

3. The Facial Feedback Hypothesis


This hypothesis runs parallel to the
James-Lange theory: just as we
receive feedback about our autonomic
arousal, so do we receive feedback about
our facial expressions and this feedback
can increase or intensify the experience
of emotions

Facial
Expression

Subjective
experience of
the emotion

1. Love
Wrightsman says that love starts in infancy.
The infant derives satisfaction from its being
fondled and fed by its mother which is
accompanied by physiological processes of
a pleasant nature

Later on, other kinds of love develop, as


gathered from Harlows research: the
affection of one child for another,
heterosexual affection, maternal affection,
and paternal affection

On a similar plane in Olinskys account of


love relationship: the movement is from the symbiotic
love of the infant, through the dependent love of the
toddler, the possessive love of the child for the opposite
sex parent, the confidential love of adolescent friends,
to the romantic love of young adults. Romantic love
prepares couples for the next step the mutual
constructive love of marriage and the caring love of
parenthood

Love involves attachment, caring


and intimacy. Liking on the other
hand, has more to do with having
a favorable opinion of another
person

Fear
- Fear is an unlearned response that is
aroused in threatening situations. It is a
fixed combination of physiological and
behavioral responses to certain stimuli

Fear
- In reality, what we learn are new things to
fear and new ways to behave when afraid

2 Basic Functions of fear

1. Survival value it helps the


organism avoid injury of death
2. Helps to keep social groups
together generally, member
of a family stay home in times
of disaster or danger

Too much fear, however, can have


undesirable consequences. An
individual can pay a very high prize
in personal happiness and general
adjustment for his excessive fears

For most individuals, fear can be


elicited by various situations, both
real or imagined, that appear
threatening to either their physical
or psychological well-being

Anger
- Marx and Wrightsman describe the
fundamental stimulus-situation eliciting
anger as some kind of frustration

3. Anger
-Under normal conditions, anger tends to rise and fall
rapidly. It dissipates faster than other emotions
-Anger has adaptive functions. It produces the feeling
of aggression we need when we have to fight since
aggression releases tension, the cathartic effect thus
Produced serves adaptive function of anger

Anger
- Marx and Wrightsman describe the
fundamental stimulus-situation eliciting
anger as some kind of frustration

Benefits of Positive Emotion


Negative emotion narrows our thinking and actions.
Positive emotions have a complementary effect; they
broaden or thinking and our actions. The virtue is
positive emotions expand our typical ways of thinking
and being in the world pushing us to become more
creative, more curious or more connected to others.
Also, it helps build our lasting personal resources,
making us more complex and resilient people than we
would be otherwise

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