WELCOME

UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA

NCLEO COSTA ORIENTAL DEL LAGO, SEDE CABIMAS
DEPARTAMENTOCS. FORMALES
SECCIN DEPART. COMUNICACIN Y EPISTEMOLOGA
PROGRAMA DE INGENIERA DE PETRLEO

UNIT III
MICROFUNCTIONS OF THE TEXTS

After completing this unit student

should be able to:
Recognize the microfunctions of the
texts.
Recognize and use connectors.
Analyze and recognize the main and
secondary ideas.

READING STRATEGIES
IDENTIFYING CONNECTORS OR MICROFUNCTION
OF THE TEXTS

There is another reading strategy called connection. It allows

us to understand how ideas are developed from one
paragraph to the next. Connective elements are words or
phrases that indicate the rhetorical technique the author uses
to express the following microfunctions;

COMPARISON
MICROFUNTION
Macrofunction

SEQUENCE

first, second, finally, next,

during, after, before, begin by,
at last, etc.

COMPARISON

as, similar to, both, like, alike,

in comparison, in the same way,
in the same rate, etc.

CONTRAST

CAUSALITY AND RESULT OR CAUSE

AND EFFECT

Different from, differs to, in

contrast,
however,
but,
although, even, etc.

thus, for this reason, in

order to, with the purpose
of, for consequently,
because, because of, as a
result, so, etc.

EXEMPLIFICATION

for instance, such as, for

example, as, etc.

EXPLANATION

that is, that is to say, i.e., namely, in

other words, to explain this, etc.
Note: Secondary ideas begins by a
connector. In some cases, theses
connectors are periods. it means, a
period can connect two sentences, main
ideas plus secondary idea

DEFINITION

to define, deals with,

is a kind of, etc.

SPACE ORDER

inside, at the top, at the

bottom,
between,
in,
inner, up, down, out,
outer, etc.

ADDITION

and, in addition, too,

also, or, both etc.

EXERCISE N1: PAGE

34
EL RECUADRO DEL EJERCICIO N1 DEBES COMPLETARLO
(TOMANDO EL PRIMER SUBTITULO DEL ARTICULO LANDING THE
BIG ONE- THE ART OF FISHING. (INTRODUCCIN) LA FORMA COMO
LO COMPLETAS ES EN ESPAOL.
MACROFUNCTION:
(SI ES NARRACIN, DEFINICIN, DESCRIPCIN FSICA, ETC.)
DISCOURSE MARKET:
LOS MARCADORES DEL DISCURSO SON LAS PALABRAS CLAVES
QUE TE INDIQUEN LA MACROFUNCIN DE CADA PRRAFO DEL
ARTCULO.
PARTIENDO DEL CONNECTOR
COMPLETAS LOS DEMS
RECUADROS, ES DECIR; EL CONECTOR TE AYUDAR A
DESCIFRAR CUAL ES LA MICROFUNCIN O TCNICA RETRICA
QUE EL AUTOR US. PUES ESTOS CONECTORES ESTAN
INMERSOS EN CADA ORACIN .
EN CUANTO A LA MAIN IDEA AND SECONDARY IDEA IGUAL, Y
EN EL RECUADRO DE MEANING IN SPANISH , ESCRIBES EL

EXERCISE N1: :
FILL THE FOLLOWING CHART. DO IT IN SPANISH, PLEASE. READ: LANDING THE BIG ONE- THE ART OF FISHING.
TAKEN FROM OILFIELD REVIEW WINTER 2012/2013, PAGES 26-27 (INTRODUCTION).

PARAGRAPH N

P1. (MACROFUNTION)
DISCOURSE MARKER:
1._________(L )
2._________(L )
3._________(L )
P2. (MACROFUNTION)
DISCOURSE MARKER:
1._________(L )
2._________(L )
3._________(L )
P3. (MACROFUNTION)
DISCOURSE MARKER:
1._________(L )
2._________(L )
3._________(L )

P4. (MACROFUNTION)
DISCOURSE MARKER:
1._________(L )
2._________(L )
3._________(L )
P5. (MACROFUNTION)
DISCOURSE MARKER:
1._________(L )
2._________(L )
3._________(L )

MAIN IDEA(4
POINTS,1 POINT
EACH)

CONNECTOR

_______ . _____,
(L2)

OVER THE YEARS

, (L11)

DURING THE
DRILLING PHASE,
(L5-6)
LATER, DURING
THE
COMPLETION
PHASE, (L10)
THESE DAYS,
(L3)
FOR INSTANCE,
(L5)
WITHIN THIS
WIDE-RANGING
TOPIC, (L5)
THE ARTICLE
OUTLINES, (L9-

MEANING IN
SPANISH (1
POINTS, 0.166
EACH)

MICROFUNCTION SECONDARY
(3POINTS,0.272E IDEA (4.5
ACH)
POINTS,0.40
9 POINTS
EACH)

THANKS, FOR YOUR

ATTENTION