PRESENT

SIMPLE

FORM
For conjugate the present simple we use the infinitive for the
subject I, You, We, They y for the third persons
He, She and It, add a -s at the end of the verb.

SUBJECT
I, You, We, They
He, She, It

CONJUGATION
talk, eat, learn, do, go,
talks, eats, learns, does,
goes,

STRUCTURE
AFFIRMATI
VE
SUBJEC
T

VERB

For example

The trainleavestonight at 6
PM.
SUBJE
CT

COMPLEME

VER
B

NT

Karen and Billy dance marinera.

SUBJE
CT

VER
B

COMPLEME
NT

COMPLE
MENT

NEGATIVE
SUBJE
CT

TO
DO

NO
T

VE
RB

COMPLE
MENT

For example

Johndoesn't speak Italian.

SUBJE AUXIL
CT
IAR

VER COMPLEME
B
NT

Note:
not

Karen and Billy dont dance

marinera.
COMPLEME
SUBJE
CT

AUX
:

VER
B

NT

- Don't=Do not
- Doesn't=Does

QUESTIONS
V. A.
(TO
DO)
For example

SUBJE
CT

VERB

COMPLE
MENT

Doyouhaveyour passport
with you?
AUX.SUBJE VER
CT
B

COMPLEME
NT

DoesDarrenlikecomputer?
AUX.

SUBJE
CT

VER COMPLEME
B
NT

USES
1.- It is used with the present simple with
adverbs of time.
- Ialwaystalkto my mother on
Sunday.
Exception:

Henevereatsveget
ables.

Time adverbs go before the verb, except the verb "to be" (ser /
estar). When used "to be" the verb goes before the adverb.

Imalwayshappy.

2.- It is used to speak in generalities or scientific

facts.
- Hedoesnteat
vegetables.

Dochildrenlikeanim
als?

3.- It is used for events scheduled in the near

future.

-The trainleavesat
10:00.

- Doesthe
festivalstarttomorrow?

4.- It is used for instructions (imperative).

- Openthe
window.

- Eatthe
vegetables.

- Doyour
homework.

VERB CONJUGATION &

SPELLING
We form the present tense using the base form of the
infinitive (without the TO).
In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.

Subject

Verb

The Rest of
the sentence

I / you / we /
they

speak / learn

English at home

speaks/ learns

English at
home

he / she / it

The spelling for the verb in the third person

differs depending on the ending of that verb:
1. For verbs that end in-O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X,or-Zwe
add-ESin the
third person.
go

goes

wash

washe
s

For
example:

He wishes to learn Italian.

SUBJE VER
CT
B

COMPLEME
NT

2.- When the infinitive ends in a consonant y, you have to

change y for i and add -es:
try

tries

cry

cries

For example:

He carries the books in a

briefcase.
COMPLEME

SUBJE VER
CT
B

NT

But when the verb ends in a vowel + y, is respected the

base rule (infinitive + s):

enjo
y

enjoy
s

stay

stays

For
example:

He enjoys his English class.

SUBJE VER
CT
B

COMPLEME
NT

3.- There are three irregular verbs

have

has

do

does

go

goes

For example:

She does the work of two

people.
COMPLEME

SUBJE VER
CT
B

NT

TIME EXPRESSIONS
Usually, always,
often, etc.

Every day /
week, etc.

In the morning /
spring, etc.

At the
weekend ,
etc.
Once / twice /
three times ,
etc.

On Mondays /
Monday morning ,
etc.
A week /
day, etc.

PRESENT
PROGRESSIV
E

FORM
To form the present continuous is use the auxiliary verb
"to be" and the gerund (infinitive + "-ing") the verb.

SUBJECT
I
he, she, it

AUXILIAR
(TO BE)

GERUND

am

talking, eating, learning,

doing, going

is

talking, eating, learning,

doing, going

STRUCTURE
AFFIRMATI
VE
SUBJEC
T

VERB +
ING

TO BE

For example

Jaime is
music.

listening

SUBJEAUX. VERB
CT

COMPLEME
NT

to

COMPLE
MENT

You are
hard.

working

SUBJEAUX. VERB
CT

Im having
lesson.

SUBJECT VERB
+ AUX.

my

dance

COMPLEME
NT

very

COMPLEME
NT

NEGATIVE
SUBJE
CT

TO
DO

NO
T

VERB
+ ING

COMPLE
MENT

For example

Laura isn't playing the

violin.
SUBJE AUXIL
CT
IAR

GERU
ND

COMPLEME
NT

Note:
not

Isn't=Is not
Arent = Are

They arent selling books

there.
SUBJE AUX.
CT
+ NOT

VERB

COMPLEME
NT

I amnt fixing
machine.
S A. +
NOT

VERB

the

COMPLEME
NT

QUESTIONS
V. A.
(TO DO)

VERB
+ ING

SUBJE
CT

COMPLE
MENT

For example

Areyouworkingmuch
lately?
AUX.SUBJE
CT

VER
B

COMPLEME
NT

Isshecleaningthe
room now?
AU S.
X.

VER
B

COMPLE
MENT

AmIreadingthe
newspaper?
AUX. S

VER
B

COMPLE
MENT

USES
1.- The present progressive is used to talk about
something that is happening at the moment we
speak..
- Im
studyingnow.

- Hes eatingat the

moment.

2. We also use it to talk about something that is

happening in the actually but not necessarily
when we speak. In this case, are used time
expressions as "currently", "lately" or "these
days".

- Theyre
learningEnglish.

Shescurrentlylookingfor
a job.

3.- We use the present continuous to talk about

something that is already decided to be made in
the near future. Its use indicates that it is fairly
certain that will happen as planned
- Areyouworkingnext
week?

- Im goingto the
partytonight.

VERB CONJUGATION &

SPELLING
In general, in the third person we add ing in the third person.

Subject
I
he / she /
it
you / we /
they

Auxiliar
To Be

Verb

am

working

The Rest
of the
sentence
my office.

is

working

my office.

are

working

my office.

The spelling for the verb in the third person

differs depending on the ending of that verb:
1. When the verb ends in "e", normally "e" it's
eliminated and it's change for the "-ing":
make

makin
g

take

taking

Sheyla is making a orange

juice.

2.- When it comes to a monosyllabic verb finishing in one vowel

followed by a consonant, the final consonant is doubled before
the -ing:

stop

stopping

sit

sitting

They are sitting across from each

other.
But when there are more than one vowel in the verb, not we
duplicate the final consonant:
rain

raining
Its raining
outside.

3.- When is a bisilbico verb whose tonic syllable is the

second , the final consonant is duplicated before the
ending - ing:
beginni
begin
ng
prefe
preferin
r
g
Theyre beginning their
work.
But if the stressed syllable is the first, not made modifications:
visit

visiting

open

opening

Luisa is visiting her cousin

Juana.

4.- No modifications when the verb ends in a vowel or consonant

play

playing

study

studyin
g

Everybody is playing in the

park.

- Verbs ending in "-ie" change this vocal group by "and" before the die

dying

He's dying for a serious

illness.

TIME EXPRESSIONS
This week /
year, etc.
Now, at the moment,
today, these days, etc.
Tonight ,
tomorrow, etc.
Next week /
year, etc.