Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
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Civilization and
the Means of Production
Essential element:
concentration of wealth
Agriculture
Control over natural
resources
Development of
ancient civilization
not hunter-gatherer
economics
3
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Mesopotamia
Iraq
Cultural continuum of
fertile crescent
Sumer in southern
Mesopotamia is
commonly known as
the Cradle of
Civilization".
4
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5
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Sumerian City-States
3200-2350 BC
marauders
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in Akkad
Empire unable to maintain chronic rebellions
Hammurabi sixth king of Babylon (1792-1750 BC)
Improved taxation, legislation
Used local governors to maintain control of city-states
Babylonian Empire later destroyed by Hittites from Anatolia, c. 1595
BC
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Legal System
The Code of Hammurabi (18th c.
BC)
Sixth Babylonian King
Said he was chosen by the
gods to deliver the law to
his people
282 items
lex talionis (item 196: eye for an eye)
Social status and punishment
women as property, but some rights
Ex: If a son slaps his father, his
Mesopotamian Empires
1800-600 BC
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Technological Development in
Mesopotamia
Bronze (copper with tin),
c. 4000 BC
Military, agricultural
applications
Iron, c. 1000 BC
Cheaper than bronze
Wheel, boats, c. 3500 BC
Shipbuilding increases
trade networks
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12
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Patriarchal Society
Men as landowners, relationship to status
Patriarchy: rule of the father
Right to sell wives, children
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Development of Writing
Sumerian writing systems
form, 3500 BC
Pictographs
Cuneiform: wedge-shaped
Earliest known writing system
in world
Preservation of documents on
clay
Declines from 400 BC with
spread of Greek alphabetic
script
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Calculation of time
12-month year
24-hour day, 60-minute
hour
Letter sent to the king of
Lagash informing him of his
son's death in combat.
15
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Mesopotamian Literature
Epic of Gilgamesh, compiled after 2000 BC
Heroic saga
Search for meaning, esp. afterlife
The story revolves around the relationship between
Babylon, c. 1850 BC
Early settlement of Canaan
(Israel), c. 1300 BC
Biblical text: slavery in
Egypt, divine redemption
On-going conflict with
indigenous populations under
King David (1000-970 BC) and
Solomon (970-930 BC)
David and Goliath, by
Caravaggio, c. 1599.
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20
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The Phoenicians
City-states along
trade, 1200-800 BC
Development of alphabet
symbols
Simpler alternative to
cuneiform
Spread of literacy
21
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Indo-European Migrations
Common roots of many