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Welding Processes
SMAW - DC Polarity
Straight Polarity
Reverse Polarity
()
(+)
Deeper weld penetration
(thick metal)
(+)
()
Shallow penetration
(thin metal)
Consumable Electrode
SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Welding
GMAW Gas Metal Arc Welding
SAW Submerged Arc Welding
Non-Consumable Electrode
GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
PAW Plasma Arc Welding
Welding Processes
Consumable electrode
Flux coated rod
Flux produces protective gas around weld pool
Slag keeps oxygen off weld bead during cooling
Welding Processes
Welding Processes
AC unstable
arc
Welding Processes
Power 8-20 kW
Welding Processes
300 2000 amps (440 V)
http://www.twi.co.uk
Plasma-Arc Welding
Figure 27.15 Two types of plasma-arc welding processes: (a) transferred, (b)
nontransferred. Deep and narrow welds can be made by this process at high welding speeds.
Resistance Welding
Welding Processes
Resistance Welding is the coordinated application of electric current and mechanical pressure in
the proper magnitudes and for a precise period of time to create a coalescent bond between two
base metals.
Resistance Welding
Resistance
welding,
showing
components
in spot
welding, the
main process
in the RW
group
Welding Processes
Explosive Welding
Commonly used to bond two dissimilar
metals, in particular to clad one metal
on top of a base metal over large areas
Explosive Welding
Commonly used to bond two dissimilar metals, e.g., to
clad one metal on top of a base metal over large areas
(1) Setup in parallel configuration, and (2) during
detonation of the explosive charge
UNDERCUT
POROSITY
INCOMPLETE FUSION
OVERLAP
UNDERFILL
SPATTER
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
&
EXCESSIVE PENETRATION
UNACCEPTABLE
WELD PROFILES