PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

(SBF 3023)
SEMESTER 2
(2015/2016)

MINI PROJECT
PRESENTATION

TITLE:

BIOFERTILIZER
(FERTELIZER FROM
WASTE PRODUCT
FOR DICOTYLEDON
PLANT GROWTH)

GROUP MEMBERS:
NAME
DAYANG AZWA NADIA BT AWG AHMAD

MATRIC ID
D20141066884

ISHAK
NUR SYAFINAS BT ASLAN

D20141066905

RAIMI BT SAIT

D20141066894

NUR INSYIRAH BT TOKIJOH

D20141066923

LIM LEE WEN

D20141066909

OBJECTIVES:
To identify and apply the basic concept in bio fertilizer.
To determine the correct and suitable ratio for fertilizer that

can help plant grows better without causing damage

associated with chemical fertilizer.

To determine the germination of green bean seeds in

different treatment.

To identified the length of hypocotyl for each replicates in

each treatments.

INTRODUCTION
Bio-fertilizer

is a substance which contains living

microorganisms which when applied to seeds, plant
surfaces or soil will promotes growth by increasing the
supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.

Bio-fertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes:

Nitrogen fixation
Solubilizing phosphorus
Stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-

promoting substances.

APPARATUS & MATERIALS:

Egg crushed, tea residue, coffee residue, soil, water,

dicotyledon seed (green beans), spoon and polystyrene

cups.

METHODS:
1. Preparing fertilizer with ratio

All waste products that can be a good fertilizer such as

crushed eggs, tea residue and coffee residue was collected.

All petri dishes with the same amount of soil and water

supply and green beans was prepared.

8 petri dishes are divided into two parts, first is for 4

different ratio and the rest is for controlled variables

(positive and negative variables)

Preparing the
biofertilizer

Controlle
Substance
d
Variable
Positive
Crushed eggs only
Tea residue only
Coffee residue only
Negative Soil and water only

Type of
fertilizer /
Petri dish
A

Crushed
egg (T)
1

Tea
Residue
(T)
1

Coffee
Residue
(C)
2

2. Seed growth and development

All seeds was placed in every petri dish and fertilizer (waste product) with specific
ratio in the first four petri dishes was placed.

Then, only one type of waste product was put as a fertilizer in each three petri dish.

The one left is for seeds with soil and water only.
The plant growth every day for a week was observed. The plant was watered

everyday with the same amount of water (fixed = 8ml of water) and make sure all
plant receive the same amount of light (we use sunlight as we placed all petri dish
at our houses balcony).
Any germination happen was recorded, take photos during the growth and the final

length at the end of experiment was measured.

RESULTS:
Graph 1.0 Number of green beans germinations in different treatments with replications
4
3.5
3
2.5
2

No of seed germinate

A1
A2

1.5
1
0.5
0

Treatments

RESULTS:
Table 1.0 One-way ANOVA test for number of green beans germination in
different treatments with replications
TREATMENT
E:T:
Tea Coffee
E:T: E:T: E:T:
Water Crushe
C
Residu Residu
C
C
C
& Soil d Egg
(2:1:1
REPLICATIO
e
e
(1:1:2) (1:1:1) (1:2:1)
)
N
A1
3
4
2
1
2
0
1
1
A2
1
4
1
1
0
2
4
1
TOTAL SEED
GERMINATE
4
ANOVA
Source of Variation

8
SS
42.6666

Between Groups

7
32.6666

Within Groups

df
7

5
2
MS
F
P-value F crit
6.09523 2.9854 0.0331 2.6571
8
2.04166

23

76

97

7
16
7
P value < 0.05 75.3333
(There is a significant difference. Ho is
rejected)
Total
3
23

Some of the beans that became moldy after few days. This
disadvantage might be caused of not inducing the beans in
distilled water for 30 minutes before start the experiment.

Seeds not
germinate

Seed are
germinate

RESULTS:
Graph 2.0 Length of hypocotyl of green beans in each treatments with replicates
4.5
4
3.5
3
Day 3

2.5

Day 7

Length of hpocotyl (cm)

Day 14

2
1.5
1
0.5
0

Replicates in each treatment

RESULTS:

Table 2.0 One-way ANOVA test for length of hypocotyl of green beans
in each treatments with replicates

TREATMENT
S
REPLICATE
DAY
0
3
7
14
TOTAL
LENGTH
(cm)
AVERAGE
ANOVA
(cm)

Water & Crushe

Tea
Coffee
Soil
d Egg Residue Residue
A1

A2

A1

A2 A1 A2

A1

A2

E:T:C
E:T:C
E:T:C
E:T:C
(2:1:1) (2:1:1) (1:1:1) (1:2:1)
A1

A2 A1

A2

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.3 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.8
1
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5
3.4 3.7 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.3
25.
24.
21.
21 20 25 5 24 5
24 19.1 23.5 19 5 23.7
30. 28. 28.
24.7 24.2 29.6 2
3
8 28.2 23.9 25

Source of24.45
Variation

Between Groups
Within Groups

29.9

28.55

SS

df

49.02359

15

4942.483

48

26.05

MS

23

24

A1

A2 A1 A2

0
0
0
0
0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5
2.7 3.1 3 3.1
15.
18 2 18 16.5

18. 21.
23 27.5 21.1 6
4 20.1
25.25

3.26824 0.03174

19.85

P-value
1

20.75

F crit
1.88017
5

102.9684

P value > 0.05 (There is no a significant difference. Ho is

Total
4991.506
63

accepted)

Difference between every types of treatment on the plant development.

WATER+SOIL ONLY
RESIDUE

EGG CRUSHED

TEA RESIDUE

COFFEE

Difference of hypocotyl length for every different ratio of

treatment (fertilizer)
* E:T:C = Egg crushed (E): Tea residue (T) : Coffee residue (C)

E:T:C ( 1:1:2 )
E:T:C ( 2:1:1 )

E:T:C ( 1:2:1 )

E:T:C ( 1:1:1 )

DISCUSSION:
Biofertilizers are used to improve the fertility of the land

using biological wastes which do not contain any chemicals

and detrimental to the living soil.
Different ratio were used for each plant.
We have found that the most growing plant was by using

crushed egg as the fertilizer.

 Eggshells are rich calcium. Plants need calcium to thrive.

Calcium helps the plants develop a strong cellular structure.

Tea waste also a good fertilizer since it can inhibit foliar

disease, increase the quality and quantity of nutrient

accessible to the plant and accelerates the breakdown of
toxins.
Coffee grounds are close to neutral, with a pH between 6.5

and 6.8, making them a good choice for all plants. Benefit:
adds organic material to the soil, which improves drainage,
water retention and aeration in the soil.

Conclusion
The use of biofertilizer is important for plant growth since there

is no chemical in this fertilizer.

Plant grow very well after using crushed egg as the fertilizer

and has the longest hypocotyl due to the high composition of

calcium.
The most suitable fertilizer ratio is 2 crushed egg: 1 tea

residue: 1 coffee residue.

There is a significant difference between each treatments so

that the null hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, each treatment

is different with each other.