AUTOMATIC DEFECTIVE

PIECE REJECTING MACHINE

SUBMITTED BY:Parkash Raghav
Rijul Jain
Shivam Tyagi
Sumit Singhal
Yoginder Yadav

Under the guidance of:Abhishek Pandey

School Of Engineering

ABSTRACT
Automatic defective piece rejecting machine is a kind of
machine which is used to reject defective pieces. Defects
can be of any type mass defect, structural defect and
much more. In this project structural defect is taken
into consideration (defects in heights) for which IR
sensors are used to detect the defect and once the defect
is found that piece is removed from the conveyor belt
with the help of synchronous motors.

INTRODUCTION
DEFECTS : Any unwanted or undesirable result in

the final product is known as defect.

Ways to detect any defect:
1) Height IR sensors, ultrasonic sensors
2) Weight load cell
3) Crystal Defect-Laser scanner Flow Detector

Parts which contribute to this machine

Conveyor belt
D.C geared motor
Synchronous Motor
Counter
Relay
Transformer
Gears
I R Sensor and Receiver

Conveyor
belt

It is a continuous
moving band made of
fabric, rubber, or metal
used for transporting
objects from one place to
another.

D.C Geared
Motor

D.C Geared motor is an extension of a

d.c motor. It is a type of electrical motor
that is designed to produce high torque
while maintaining a low horsepower, or
low speed, motor output.
These motors are commonly used in
devices such as can garage door openers,
washing machine time control knobs and
even electric alarm clocks

Synchronous
Motor

As the name suggests Synchronous motors are

capable of running at constant speed irrespective
of the load acting on them.
Principle : When a 3 phase electric conductors
are placed in a certain geometrical positions (In
certain angle from one another) there is an
electrical field generate. Now the rotating
magnetic field rotates at a certain speed, that
speed is called synchronous speed. Now if an
electromagnet is present in this rotating
magnetic field, the electromagnet is magnetically
locked with this rotating magnetic field and
rotates with same speed of rotating field.

Counter

It is a device used to count . Whenever the

signal breaks it automatically add 1 to its
previous value and show it on 7 segment
display with the help of
IC CD402683 which helps in determining
the number of correct pieces

Relay
A relay is an electromagnetic switch
operated by a relatively small electric
current that can turn on or off a much
larger electric current. The heart of a
relay is an electromagnet (a coil of
wire that becomes a temporary
magnet when electricity flows
through it).

Transformer

A transformer is an electrical device

that transfers energy between two or
more
circuits
through
electromagnetic induction. Due to
which they are used to step up or step
down the input voltage.

Gears
Gears are the device in which
transmission of rotation between
contacting toothed wheels happens.
Some important features of gears and
gear trains are:
1) The ratio of the pitch circles of
mating gears defines the speed ratio.
2)They provides a better amount of
torque.
3)They are also helpful in decreasing
rpm.

I R Transmitter And
Receiver
This combination of transmitter and
receiver has many applications where
they can be used like for measuring
velocity ,for measuring temperature
of a body out of which measuring
height or controlling height defect is
one.
Transmitter
continuously
transmit the signal while receiver is
continuously receiving the signal and
whenever the signal breaks due to any
obstruction it conveys a message that
that corresponding piece is defective
one.

CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINE
We started by making a conveyor belt which was then
accompanied by the synchronous motor and dc motor.
After that, IR circuit was used for the detection of defects.
At last, a counter circuit has been used to count the no. Of
correct pieces. The whole circuit is connected to a
transformer to have the desired input from the household
AC source, while synchronous motor has been connected
to a relay, which is providing it 220V AC power supply.

WORKING OF MACHINE
First of all, the object is placed on the conveyor belt with which
it moves in the forward direction. It continuously moves until it
comes in the path of signal which is transmitted by a IR
transmitter to receiver which gives a command with the help of
IC to stop the conveyor belt and to run the synchronous motor
to remove the object from the conveyor belt. It all happens
when the object breaks the IR signal which means it is a
defected one and the process which occurred after that breaking
of signal is the process to reject that object . if the object is the
correct one then it will not break the IR signal due to which
conveyor belt will not stop and the piece will reach to its final
position where counter is already there to count the number of
correct pieces

Advantages of using this

machine
Can be used to control various types of defect.
Low cost equipment.
Low maintenance cost.
Easy to Handle.
No human skills are needed.
Eco friendly

FUTURE SCOPE
Load Cells can be added to the machines in order to

detect the defects regarding weight along with the defects

in length.
Here we are detecting defects only in one direction, with
the help of IR sensors(i.e of height) but with the help of
ultrasonic sensors we can analyse it in all directions by
constructing a belt on which ultrasonic sensor can move in
all 3 directions.