WDM TRANSMITTERS

AND RECIEVERS
SUBMITTED BY
REVATHY R L
M1 TCE
ROLL NO. 9
MBCET

INTRODUCTION

Most WDM systems use a large number of DFB lasers

whose frequencies are chosen to match the ITU frequency
grid precisely

This becomes impractical when the number of channels

becomes large

Two solutions are possible

In one approach, single-frequency lasers with a tuning

range of 10 nm or more are employed

Multiwavelength transmitters which generate light at 8 or

more fixed wavelengths simultaneously can be used

WDM TRANSMITTERS

Several different techniques have been pursued for designing

WDM transmitters

The output of several DFB or DBR semiconductor lasers,

independently tunable through Bragg gratings, is combined by
using passive waveguides

A built-in amplifier boosts the power of the multiplexed signal to

increase the transmitted Power

In a different approach, sampled gratings with different periods are
used to tune the wavelengths precisely of an array of DBR lasers

The vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) technology

provides a unique approach to WDM transmitters

It is well suited for LAN and data-transfer applications

WDM TRANSMITTTERS
(CONTD..)

Spontaneous emission of the

amplifier located on the left side is
demultiplexed into 18 spectral bands
by the AWG through the technique of
spectral slicing

The amplifier array on the right side

selectively amplifies the set of 18
wavelengths, resulting in a laser
emitting at all wavelengths
simultaneously

AWGs fabricated with the silica-onsilicon technology can also be used

although they cannot be integrated
on the InP substrate

Fiber lasers can be designed to

provide multiwavelength output and

WDM TRANSMITTTERS
(CONTD..)

Ring-cavity fiber laser containing a frequency shifter and an optical

filter with periodic transmission peaks such as FP filter can provide
its output at a comb of frequencies set to coincide with the ITU grid

A demultiplexer is still needed to separate the channels before data

is imposed on them using individual modulators.

Spectral slicing of the output by a demultiplexer can again provide

many channels, each of which can be modulated independently

A unique approach to WDM sources exploits the technique of

spectral slicing for realizing WDM transmitters and is capable of
providing more than 1000 channels

WDM TRANSMITTTERS
(CONTD..)

A unique approach to WDM sources exploits the technique of

spectral slicing for realizing WDM transmitters and is capable
of providing more than 1000 channels
The output of a coherent, wide-bandwidth source is sliced
spectrally using a mutipeak optical filter such as an AWG
In one implementation of this idea , picosecond pulses from a
mode-locked fiber laser are first broadened spectrally to
bandwidth as large as 200 nm through supercontinuum
generation by exploiting the nonlinear effects in an optical
fiber
Spectral slicing of the output by an AWG then produces many
WDM channels with a channel spacing of 1 nm or less.
The generation of supercontinuum is not necessary if a modelocked laser producing femtosecond pulses is employed

WDM RECIEVER

Multichannel WDM receivers have been developed because

their use can simplify the system design and reduce the
overall cost
Monolithic receivers integrate a photodiode array with a
demultiplexer on the same chip
A planar concave-grating demultiplexer or a WGR is
integrated with the photodiode array.
The design of such monolithic receivers is similar to the
transmitter shown in fig except that no cavity is formed
and the amplifier array is replaced with a photodiode array

THANK YOU