Management

Information Systems,
10/e
Raymond McLeod Jr. and George P.
Schell

2007 by Prentice Hall

Management Information Systems, 10/e R

aymond McLeod and George Schell

Chapter 4
System Users and Developers

2007 by Prentice Hall

Management Information Systems, 10/e R

aymond McLeod and George Schell

Learning Objectives
Know

that the organizational content for

systems development and use is changing
from a physical to a virtual structure.
Know who the information specialists are
and how they can be integrated into an
information services organization.
Be alert to new directions that the
information services organization may take.

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

Learning Objectives (Contd)

Understand

what is meant by enduser computing and why it came

about.
Appreciate that users, especially those
with an end-user computing capability,
are a valuable information resource.
Know the benefits and risks of enduser computing.
2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

Learning Objectives (Contd)

Be

aware of the types of knowledge and skill

that are important to systems development.
Appreciate the value of managing the
knowledge held by information specialists
and users.
Recognize the benefits and risks of the
virtual office and the virtual organization.

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

Figure 4.1 Information Systems Are

Developed to Support
Organizational Levels and Areas

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

Information Services (IS)

Organization
Information

resources
Information specialists

System analysts
Database administrators
Webmasters
Network specialists
Programmers
Operators

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

The Informational Services

Organizational Structure
Trend

from centralized to decentralized

structure.
Divisional information officer (DIO)

Innovative

Partner model
Platform model
Scalable model

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

Figure 4.3 A Network Model

of Information Services
Organization

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

Network Model (Contd)

Visioning

network enables the CIO to

work with top management in strategic
planning for information resources.
Innovation network is used by the
CIO to interface with business areas so
that innovations can be developed.
Sourcing network is utilized to
interface with vendor for acquiring
information resources.
2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

10

End-user Computing
End-user

computing (EUC) is the

development by users of all or parts of
their information systems.
EUC has 4 main influences:

The impact of computer education.

The information services backlog.
Low-cost hardware.
Prewritten software.

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

11

Benefits of EUC
Match

capabilities and challenges.

Reduce the communication gap.

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

12

Risks of EUC
Poorly

targeted systems.
Poorly designed and documented
systems.
Inefficient use of information
resources.
Loss of data integrity.
Loss of security.
Loss of control.
2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

13

Education Criteria, Knowledge, and

Skills Needed for Careers in
Information Systems
Systems

development knowledge

Computer literacy
Information literacy
Business fundamentals
Systems theory
Systems development process
Systems life cycle (SLC) and Systems
development life cycle (SDLC)
Systems modeling

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

14

Table 4.1 Knowledge

Requirements

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

15

Education Criteria, (Contd)

Systems

development skills

Communications skills
Analytical ability
Creativity
Leadership

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

16

Table 4.2 Skill Requirements

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

17

Managing the Knowledge

Represented by the Firms
Information Resources

Office

automation includes all of the

formal and informal electronic systems
primarily concerned with the
communication of information to and
from persons both inside and outside
the firm.
Shift from clerical to managerial
problem solving.
2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

18

The Virtual Office

Telecommuting

describes how
employees could electronically
commute to work.
Hoteling is when the firm provides a
central facility that can be shared by
employees as the need for office space
and support arises.

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

19

The Virtual Office (Contd)

Advantages

Reduced facility cost.

Reduced equipment cost.
Reduced work stoppages.
Social contribution.

Disadvantages

Low morale.
Fear of security risks.
2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

20

The Virtual Organization

Three

I Economy is those industries

that are most attracted to the concept
of the virtual office and the virtual
organization and those that add value
in the form of information, ideas, and
intelligence.

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

21

The Human Element

Most

important ingredient in the

development and use of information
systems.
Main players

Users
Information specialists

2007 by Prentice H
all

Management Information S
ystems, 10/e Raymond Mc

22