Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Limbic, Olfactory
and Gustatory
System
Andres S. Javier MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anatomy
College of Medicine
UERMMMCI
Objectives
Hypothalam
Hypothalamus
us
Limbic
System
Olfactory
System
Gustatory
System
Objectives
Hypothalam
Hypothalamus
us
Limbic
System
Olfactory
System
Gustatory
System
Hypothalamus |Introduction
head ganglion of the ANS
subdivision of the
diencephalon
weighs 4g and forms <1%
of the
brains total weight
integrates functions of
endocrine,
autonomic(visceral motor),
somatic motor and limbic
system
Hypothalamus |Introduction
crucial to the survival of
the organism
Control of appetite
Fluid balance
Electrolyte balance
Glucose concentration
Metabolism,
Sleeping
Role in sexual behavior
Hypothalamus |Boundaries
3
4
8 14
9
1
0
11
12
13
2
5
1
Hypothalamus |Boundaries
Hypothalamus |Boundaries
Hypothalamus |Boundaries
Structure
Rostral (Anterior)
Anterior Commisure
Lamina Terminalis
Optic Chiasma
Caudal(Posterior)
Mamillary Body
Superiorly
Interventricular foramen
Inferiorly
Medial
Third Ventricle
Lateral
Internal capsule
Subthalmic nucleus
Substantia innominata
Hypothalamus |Zones
Periventricul
ar
Suprachiasm
atic nucleus
Paraventricu
lar nucleus
Arcuate
(infindibular)
nucleus
Tuberomammi
llary nucleus
Hypothalamus |
Origin
Destination
Hypothalamic nuclei
Visual fibers
Retina
Suprachiasmatic
nucleus
Olfactory mucous
membrane
Hypothalamic nuclei
Auditory fibers
Inner ear
Hypothalamic nuclei
Corticohypothalamic fibers
Frontal lobe of
cerebral cortex
Hypothalamic nuclei
Hippocampohypothalamic
fibers
Hippocampus
Hippocampus Nuclei
of mammillary body
Amygdalohypothalamic fibers
Amygdaloid complex
Hypothalamic nuclei
Thalamohypothalamic fibers
Dorsomedial and
midline nuclei of
thalamus
Hypothalamic nuclei
Tegmental fibers
Tegmentum of
midbrain
Hypothalamic nuclei
Origin
Destination
Descending fibers in
reticular formation to
brainstem and spinal
cord
Preoptic, anterior,
posterior, and lateral
nuclei of
hypothalamus
Craniosacral
parasympathetic and
thoracolumbar
sympathetic outflows
Mammillothalamic
tract
Nuclei of mammillary
body
Anterior nucleus of
thalamus; relayed to
cingulate gyrus
Mammillotegmental
tract
Nuclei of mammillary
body
Reticular formation in
tegmentum of
midbrain
Multiple pathways
Hypothalamic nuclei
Limbic system
Hypothalamus |
Hypophysis Cerebri
Hypothalamic Regulatory
Hormone
Anterior Pituitary
Hormone
Functional Result
Growth hormone
releasing hormone
(GHRH)
Stimulates linear
growth in epiphyseal
cartilages
Growth hormone
Growth hormone
inhibiting hormone
(reduced production)
(GHIH) or somatostatin
Prolactin-releasing
hormone (PRH)
Prolactin (luteotropic
hormone, LTH)
Stimulates
lactogenesis
Prolactin-inhibiting
hormone (PIH),
dopamine
Prolactin (luteotropic
hormone, LTH)
(reduced production)
Reduces lactogenesis
Corticotropin-releasing
hormone (CRH)
Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)
Stimulates adrenal
gland to produce
corticosteroids and sex
hormones
Thyrotropin-releasing
hormone (TRH)
Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH)
Stimulates thyroid
gland to produce
thyroxine
Luteinizing hormone
releasing hormone
Luteinizing hormone
(LH) and follicle-
Stimulates ovarian
follicles and production
Origin
Growth hormonereleasing
hormone (GHRH)
Growth hormoneinhibiting
hormone (GHIH) or somatostatin
Infundibular or arcuate
nucleus
Suprachiasmatic
nucleus
Prolactin-releasing hormone
(PRH)
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone
(PIH), dopamine
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
(CRH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
(TRH)
Luteinizing hormonereleasing
hormone (LHRH)
?
Paraventricular nuclei
Paraventricular and
dorsomedial nuclei and
adjacent areas
Preoptic and anterior
nuclei
Hypothalamus |
Functions
AUTONOMIC CONTROL
Basic Functions:
1. Regulation and control of
certain aspects of visceral
activity, particularly those
affected by the ANS and
pituitary gland
2. Control of the motor activity,
both somatic and visceral, of
emotional perceptions
Hypothalamus |
Functions
AUTONOMIC CONTROL
Anterior and preoptic area
- influence parasympathetic
responses
Posterior and lateral nuclei
- stimulation causes
sympathetic responses
Hypothalamus |
Functions
ENDOCRINE CONTROL
Paraventricular nuclei
Oxytocin
Supraoptic nuclei
Hypothalamus |
Functions
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
Anterior hypothalamic area
- HEAT LOSS CENTER
controls mechanism that
dissipate heat loss
>> cutaneous vasodilatation
and sweating >> decreased
body temperature
Lesion: hyperthermia
Hypothalamus |
Functions
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
Posterior hypothalamic
area
HEAT GAIN CENTER
- stimulation causes
vasoconstriction of skin blood
vessels and inhibition of
sweating
>> peripheral
Lesion:
hypothermiaand shivering
vasoconstriction
>> increased body temp
Hypothalamus |
Functions
Hypothalamus |
Functions
Hypothalamus |
Functions
Hypothalamus |
Functions
CONTROL OF CIRCADIAN
RHYTHM(Sleep-wakefulness
regulation)
Thalamus
Limbic system
Reticular activating system
Hypothalamus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Presumed Function
Supraoptic nucleus
Paraventricular nucleus
Synthesizes oxytocin
Anterior hypothalamic
nuclei
Posterior hypothalamic
nuclei
Lateral hypothalamic
nuclei
Medial hypothalamic
nuclei
Lateral hypothalamic
(hunger center)
End
To give an introduction of the
Hypothalamus
To describe the Hypothalamus by
A. Locating its regions and its
boundaries
B. Descrbing the hypothalamic
regions and the respective nuclei
C. Tracing principal afferent and
efferent connections
End
D. Enumerating the functions of the
hypothalamus
E. Describing the hypophyseal portal
system and its role in the endocrine
function
F. Naming the major hypothalamic
hormones and giving their functions
and source
Objectives
Hypothalamus
Limbic
Limbic
System
System
Olfactory
System
Gustatory
System
Hippocampal Formation |
Hippocampal Formation |
Hippocampal Formation |
Hippocampal Formation
Hippocampal Formation
Olfactory sense
Fear and Anger Responses
Visceral
and
Autonomic
responses
Somatic Responses
Endocrine Responses
Layers|
Connecting Pathways |
Limbic System
Components
ALVEUS
FIMBRIA
FORNIX
MAMMILOTHALAMIC
TRACT
STRIA TERMINALIS
Connecting Pathways |
Limbic System
Connecting Pathways |
Limbic System
CINGULATE GYRUS
HIPPOCAMPUS
midline to
the opposite hippocampus in the
commissure
of the fornix.
ENTORHINAL AREA
DENTATE AND
enter the
and end in
MAMMILLARY BODY,
MEDIAL NUCLEUS
to end in ANTERIOR NUCLEI
the
of
the
thalamus
to enter
midbrain
TEGMENTUM
of the
SEPTAL NUCLEI.
LATERAL PREOPTIC AREA and
ANTERIOR PART OF
HYPOTHALAMUS
to end in the
End
To give an introduction of the Limbic
System
To demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the limbic system by
A.Identifying the structures that
comprise the limbic system
B.Enumerating the sources of input
and output of the limbic system
C.Describing the major circuit of the
limbic system
(Papez Circuit)
D. Naming disorders involved
BREAK
FOR
5
Objectives
Hypothalamus
Limbic
System
Olfactory
Olfactory
System
System
Gustatory
System
Olfactory System |
Introduction
RHINENCEPHALON
nose brain
Oldest part of the cerebrum
phylogenetically
Has been since subordinated
in man to non-olfactory
portions of cerebrum
macrosmatic vs
microsmatic
Odors generate complex
associations of ideas, images
and personal interpretations
modified by past experiences
ACTIVATOR and SENSTIZER of
other neural systems
Olfactory System |
Introduction
RHINENCEPHALON
Includes structres that are
believed to be concerned with
smell:
OLFACTORY NERVE
OLFACTORY BULB
OLFACTORY TRACT
OLFACTORY STRIAE (medial,
intermediate, and lateral)
ANTERIOR OLFACTORY
NUCLEUS(within olfactory
bulb, tract and striae)
Olfactory System |
Introduction
RHINENCEPHALON
Includes structres that are
believed to be concerned with
smell:
ANTERIOR PERFORATED
SUBSTANCE
SUBCALLOSAL( or
paraolfactory area)
ANTERIOR PORTIONS OF THE
PARAHIPPOCAMPAL
AREA(including uncus)
HIPPOCAMPAL
FORMATION(beneath
parahippocampal gyrus)
PREPYRIFORM CORTEX
Olfactory System
Olfactory System
Olfactory System
Olfactory System
Olfactory System |
Cortex
Olfactory System |
Reflexes
Connections are
numerous and
complex
Pathways for triggering
autonomic responses
Via the MEDIAL
FOREBRAIN BUNDLE
Via STRIA
MEDULLARIS
Via LIMBIC SYSTEM
Olfactory System |
-
Pathway
Olfactory System |
Disorders
Anosmia
CSF Rhinorrhea
End
To give an introduction of the Olfactory
System
Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the pathways for
olfaction by
A.Enumerating the structures that
comprise the rhinencephalon
B.Stating the receptors for smell
C.Tracing the olfactory pathways
D. Naming some clinical disorders
involving olfactory pathways
Objectives
Hypothalamus
Limbic
System
Olfactory
System
Gustatory
Gustatory
System
System
End
Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the pathway for taste
sensation by
A.Describing the receptor for taste
B.Naming the cranial nerves that
subserve taste sensation
C.Tracing the pathway for taste
References
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Carague-Lansang, E.N., et al. Lansang
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Blumenfeld, H. Neuroanatomy through
Clinical Cases, 2nd ed., Sinauer
Associates, Inc., 2010.
Fisch, A. Neuroanatomy Draw It to Know
It, 1st ed., Oxford University Press,
2009.
Netter, F. Atlas of Neuroanatomy and
Neurophysiology, 1st ed.,Icon Custom
Communication, 2002.
Junquiera, L.C., and Carneiro, J. Basic
Histology Text and Atlas, 11th ed.,
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