By Eng.

WALEED EL SAFOURY

Power control principle

Fast power control is essential in CDMA systems because of:

*The same frequency band and as the same frequency can be used in
principle in Each cell (re-use = 1)
*level of the (inter- and intra-cell) interferences
*The power control is also used to solve the so-called "near-far" problem
*UL power control reduces the interference between different UE, DL power
control the interference between neighboring base stations, BTS.

3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

UTRA
Power Control

PC - Types:
Open Loop PC
Inner Loop PC
Outer Loop PC

S/N > (S/N)def

TPC = Down
else TPC = Up

DL:
Inner Loop PC

P(BTS) UE TPC

Outer Loop PC:

UL:

(C/I)def variation, to
guarantee QoS (BER,..)

Inner Loop PC
P(UE) BTS TPC

Open Loop PC

RNC
BTS
(Node B)
PC: Power Control
TPC: Transmit Power Control
S/N: Signal
to Noise
3
3G-324M
over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

P(UE) oriented at
BTS DL Power;
for initial transmission

UE

UTRA
Power Control

FDD:
FDD:1500
1500PC
PCcycles/s
cycles/s
TDD:
100
800
cycles/s
TDD: 100 - 800 cycles/s

(100/s:
(100/s:per
perframe;
frame;>100/s:
>100/s:
depends
on
frame
configuration)
depends on frame configuration)

BTS
max. power:
vendor specific
PC steps:
1, 2, 3 dB
Dynamic:
30 dB (= 1000)

Fast
Power Control
UTRA Capacity
Interference limited
system stability

UE
max. power (4 classes):

FDD: 2000 / 500 / 250 / 125 mW

TPC: Transmit Power Control

* for unlicensed
operation
4
3G-324M
over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

TDD: 1000 / 250 / 125 / 10* mW

PC steps: 1, 2, 3 dB
min. power: 0,04 W
Receiver Sensitivity: -110 dBm

RAKE
Receiver

RAKE Receiver:
several finger for multipath components
Matched Filter MF:
measures Pilot
Delay estimation

Path 2 (d2, a2)

Path 1
(d1,a1)

DeSpreading

Code (t-d1)

Finger 1

DeSpreading

Code (t-d2)

Finger 2

DeSpreading

Code (t-d3)

a1
a2

a3

Finger 3
Maximum
Ratio
Combining

Path 3 (d3, a3)

d: delay
a: attenuation
5

3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

RAKE finger:
Despreading ( MF-Info!)
Phase correction
Delay correction
Fig. 6 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 UTRA Aspects, 13)

UE 2:
Code 2

DeSpreading

Code 1
DeSpreading

Code 2
DeSpreading

UE n:
Code n

Code n

MultiUser Detection MUD &

Interference Cancellation IC

Node B

MultiUser
Detection MUD

Data 1

UE 1:
Code 1

BTS
(Node B)
6

3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

MUD:
mainly for UL (in Node B)
reduces Intra-Cell interferences
increases capacity
reduces Near-Far problem

Data 2

Data n

UTRA handover
The UE and BTS determine the quality and strength of a radio

transmission. The UE also determines the signal strength and

quality of its own and the local BTS's
The measurement values are compiled in a measurement report

for use by the RNC as a basis for deciding for or against

handover

3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

UTRA Aspects
Measurement:
Connection quality & strength

UE

Measurement:
Connection quality & strength
+ strength of own & surrounding BTS
Measurement Report

BTS
Pre-processing of measurements
Measurement
Report

HOV
Decision

UMTS Handover
decision similar GSM
initiated by RNC
performed by UE

3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

RNC

Activation of new BTS

Active Set Update

Handover
Fig. 8 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 UTRA Aspects, 17)

3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

Hard & Soft Handover

DL
UL

Hard Handover

10

3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

DL

UL

DL

Soft Handover

Soft / Softer Handover

Soft Handover

Softer Handover
Node B

between sector cells

Combining via RAKE
Node B internal
Sector cells

Node B

Iub
Node B
Node B

Iub

Combining /
Splitting

11

RNC Active
Iu

CN

Iub

Set

3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

Active Set:
max. 3 Cells

RNC

Soft Handover
S-RNC: Serving RNC
D-RNC: Drift RNC
RR: Radio Resource

Inter-RNC HoV
Node B

Iub
Node B

Node B

Iub

RNC

Iub

Iur
Combining /
Splitting

12

RNC Active
Iu

CN

Set

3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

S-RNC: Combining/Splitting + RR allocation

D-RNC: only RR allocation
change D-RNC S-RNC possible

Location services
Cell coverage based
Observed time deference of arrival
Hearability (idle BTS time )
Not accurate
Assisted GPS

13

3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets

GPS
24 sat
20200 KM

14

3G-324M over TD-SCDMA for Handsets