NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.

T
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

A
SEMINAR
ON
NCES
BY
PRASHANT KR. ,FINAL
YR. R.I.E.T
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

ABOUT NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY

SOURCES--------

ENERGY RESOURCES , WHICH ARE CONSIDERED FOR

LARGE SCALE USE AFTER THE OIL CRISIS OF 1973 ,
ARE CALLED NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
SOURCES .
TYPES --------------

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

BIOMASS ENERGY

Fuel Cell
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

WORLD’S TRENDS OF CONSUMPTION OF FUEL

CONSUMPTION

6%

28% COAL
21%
RENEWABLE
OIL
GAS
NUCLEAR
7%

38%
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

WHY ? NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOUECES

 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

ABOUT ---------------------- SOLAR ENERGY

 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

HOW ? EARTH RECEIVIVNG ENERGY FROM SUN

 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

UTILIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY IN TWO WAYS ------------

SUN
ENERGY
1.1.- SOLAR THERMAL 2.2-SOLAR
SYSTEM PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL
2.1. -COLLECTING THE 2.3- COLLECTING
RADIATNT HEAT AND U AND CONVERTING
USING IT IN A T DIRECTLY TO
THERMAL SYSTEM I ELECTRICAL ENERGY
L
3.1.-APPLICATIONS-- --
Z 3.2.-
---IN COLD CLIMATE E APPLICATIONS---------
REGIONS
---IN INDUSTRY FOR WATER PUMPING
HEATING FLUID AT LOW LIGHTING
TEMP. MEDICAL REFRIGERATION
TELECOMMUBNICATION
AND SIGNALLING
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

SOLAR
COLLECTORS

FLAT PLATE-
CONCENTRATIN
NON
G TYPE
CONCENTATION

APPLICATIONS

SOLAR INDUSTRIAL HEATING SYSTEM

SOLAR WATER HEATER
SOLAR POND
SOLAR COOKER
SOLAR FURNACES
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

WORKING OF SOLAR CELL APLLICATIONS

GRID INTERACTIVE
POWER APLLICATION

WATER PUMPING

LIGHTING

MEDICAL
REFRIGERATION

VILLAGE POWER

TELECOMMUNICATIO
N AND SIGNALLING
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

USE SOLAR ENERGY ------------- IT’S Free

 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

WIND ENERGY

Energy of wind can be used for the

generation of electrical energy.

 A wind mill converts the kinetic

energy of moving air into mechanical
motion that can be either use directly to
run the machine or to turn the
generator to produce electricity.

Wind energy which is an indirect

source of energy can be utilized to run
wind mill which in turn derive
generator to produce electricity.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

●
● Wind
Wind power
power system
system is
is non-polluting.
non-polluting.
●
It
It is renewable source of energy.
is renewable source of energy.
CHARACTERISTICS
●

●
● The
The energy
energy generated
generated by
by wind-power
wind-power system
system is
is
OF WIND ENERGY cheaper when produced on smaller scale.
cheaper when produced on smaller scale.
●
● Wind
Wind energy
energy system
system avoids
avoids fuel
fuel provision
provision and
and
transport.
transport.

●
●Wind
Wind energy
energy is
is fluctuating
fluctuating in
in nature.
nature.
PROBLEMS WITH ●Because of its irregularity it need
Because of its irregularity it need
●

●storage device.
storage device.
●

WIND ENERGY ●There is sufficient noise produced by wind

●
There is sufficient noise produced by wind
energy
energy power
power generating
generating system.
system.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

USES OF WIND POWER

1. Production of electricity
●

●
Cooling of homes.

2. Space heating for operating irrigating.

●

●
Navigational signals.

3. ●
Offshore drilling operations.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

WIND ENERGY IT’S FREE

HARNESS IT

PLZ
USE IT
!!!!
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

TIDAL ENERGY
What is tidal power?

Tide is periodic rise and fall of the water level of the sea.
It occur due to the attraction of seawater by the moon.
It produce electrical power which is known as tidal power.

A dam is constructed in such a away that a basin gets separated

from the sea and a difference in the water level is obtained
between the basin and sea

•The Potential energy of the water stored in the basin is used to

drive the turbine which in turn generates electricity as it is
directly coupled to an alternator.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

FACTORS EFFECTING SUITABILITY OF PLANTS

The minimum average tide range required for economical power production is more.

The site should not create interruption to the shipping traffic running through the estuary
other wise the cost of the plant will increase as locks are to be provided.

The power produced by a tidal plant depends mainly on the range of tide and the cubature of the tidal
flow occurring in the estuary during a tidal cycle which can be stored and utilized for power generation .

. Therefore, the ratio of fresh water prism to tidal water prism becomes an important index in
determining the economic feasibility of a tidal scheme.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES


 Make
Make demand
demand for
for large
large area
area of
of 
These
These Power
Power plants
plants can
can be
be
valuable
valuable land
land because
because they
they are
are on
on developed
developed only
only if
if natural
natural sites
sites are
are
bays.
bays. available.
available.


Pollution
Pollution Free
Free 
The
The power
power generated
generated must
must be
be
transported
transported to
to long
long distances.
distances. This
This

ItIt has
has aa unique
unique capacity
capacity to
to meet
meet the
the increases
increases the
the transportation
transportation cost.
cost.
peak
peak power
power demand
demand effectively
effectively when
when
it
it works
works inin combination
combination with
with thermal
thermal 
Sedimentation
Sedimentation and
and silt
silt ration
ration of
of the
the
or
or hydroelectric
hydroelectric system.
system. basins
basins are
are some
some of
of the
the added
added
problems
problems with
with tidal
tidal power
power plants.
plants.

Tidal
Tidal Power
Power isis superior
superior to
to
conventional
conventional hydro
hydro power
power asas the
the 
The
The supply
supply of
of power
power is
is not
not
tides
tides are
are totally
totally independent
independent on on continuous
continuous as
as it
it depends
depends upon
upon the
the
nature’s
nature’s cycle
cycle of
of rainfall.
rainfall. timing
timing of
of tides.
tides.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

TIDAL ENERGY AVIALABLE FREE

HARNESS
HARNESS IT
IT

PLZ USE IT
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

BIOMASS ENERGY
Biomass is a renewable source of energy because the natural process of
photosynthesis constantly produces new organic matter in the growth of trees
and plants. Photosynthesis stores the sun´s energy in organic matter. Biomass
is used to make heat, electricity and liquid fuels.

Biomass is solar energy stored in organic matter.

Bio gas is generated through a process of anaerobic digestion of Bio Mass.

Bio Mass is organic matter produced by plants, both terrestrial (those grown
on
on land)
land) and
and aquatic
aquatic (those
(those grown
grown in
in water)
water) and
and their
their derivatives
derivatives


. It includes forest crops and residues, crops grown especially for their
energy
energy content
content on
on “energy
“energy farms”
farms” and
and animal
animal manure.
manure.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

BIOMASS
BIOMASS TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
CHART
CHART

Technology Conversion Major Biomass Energy or fuel

process type Feedstock produced.
Direct Combustion Thermo chemical Wood, agri waste Heat, steam, elec
etc.
Gasification Thermochemicl Wood, agri waste, low or med Btu
solid waste. producer gas.
Pyrolysis Thermochemicl Same as above Synthetic fuel oil
Anaerobic Biochemical Animal Medium Btu Gas.
digestion Anaerobic Manure,landfills
Ethanol Biochemical Sugar, starch,pulp Ethanol
Production Aerobic etc.
Bio diesel Chemical Soy beans,animal Biodiesel
Productn fats.
Methanol Thermochemical Wood, agri waste, Methanol
Production solid waste.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES

It
It provides
provides aa better
better and
and cheaper
cheaper fuel
fuel cooking,
cooking, lighting
lighting and
and for
for power
power generation.
generation.

It
It produces
produces good
good quality,
quality, enriched
enriched manure
manure to
to improve
improve soil
soil fertility.
fertility.

It
It proves
proves an
an effective
effective and
and convenient
convenient way
way for
for sanitary
sanitary disposal
disposal of
of human
human excreta,
excreta,
improving
improving the
the hygienic
hygienic conditions.
conditions.

As
As aa smokeless
smokeless domestic
domestic fuel,
fuel, it
it reduces
reduces the
the incidence
incidence of
of eye
eye and
and lung
lung diseases.
diseases.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

SELECTION OF SITE
The
The distance
distance between
between the
the plant
plant and
and site
site of
of gas
gas consumption
consumption or
or kitchen
kitchen should
should be
be less
less to
to
Minimize
Minimize cost
cost on
on gas
gas pipe
pipe line
line and
and gas
gas leakage.
leakage.

It
It should
should be
be near
near the
the cattle-shed
cattle-shed to
to minimize
minimize the
the distance
distance for
for carrying
carrying cattle
cattle dung
dung and
and
transportation
transportation cost.
cost.

The
The area
area should
should be
be free
free from
from roots
roots of
of trees
trees which
which are
are likely
likely to
to creep
creep into
into the
the digester
digester and
and
cause
cause damage.
damage.

Sufficient
Sufficient space
space must
must be
be available
available for
for day
day to
to day
day Operation
Operation and
and Maintenance.
Maintenance.

It
It should
should be
be on
on an
an elevated
elevated area
area so
so that
that the
the plant
plant does
does not
not get
get submerged
submerged during
during normal
normal
rains.
rains.

It
It should
should be
be open
open to
to receive
receive the
the Sun’s
Sun’s rays
rays for
for most
most part
part of
of the
the day
day and
and to
to keep
keep the
the plant
plant
in
in warm.
warm.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

BIOMASS AVIALABLE EVERYWHERE

IT’S TIME TO
THINK NOW !

HARNESS BIO
ENERGY
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

FUEL CELL

Fuel
Fuel Cells
Cells are
are efficient
efficient and
and quiet,
quiet, operate
operate on
on aa variety
variety of
of hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon fuels,
fuels, and
and
produces
produces almost
almost no
no objectionable
objectionable emissions.
emissions.

The
The concept
concept has
has been
been proven
proven inin numerous
numerous small
small scale
scale applications.
applications. The
The recent
recent infusion
infusion
of
of power
power cost
cost from
from fossil
fossil fuels
fuels may
may convert
convert this
this promising
promising device
device into
into aa major
major source
source of
of
electric
electric power
power generation.
generation.

It
It is
is predicted
predicted that
that if
if the
the fuel
fuel cell
cell clears
clears aa number
number of
of technical
technical hurdles
hurdles and
and proves
proves
financially
financially viable,
viable, it
it could
could contribute
contribute 20,000MW
20,000MW power
power to
to the
the US
US grid,
grid, by
by the
the end
end of
of
1985.
1985.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

WORKING
WORKING OF
OF FUEL
FUEL CELL
CELL

The fuel cell represents one of the successful ways by

passing the heat cycle and converting the chemical
energy of fuels directly into electricity.
It may be defined as an electrochemical device for the
continuous conversion of the portion of the free energy
change in a chemical reaction to electrical energy.
It is distinguished from a battery in that it operates with
continuous replenishment of the fuel and oxidant at
active electrode areas and does not require recharging.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

ADVANTAGES

 The fuel cell converts its fuel directly to electric power. Pollutant levels range from 1/10
to 1/50,000 of those produced by a fossil fuel power plant as there it no combustion

No cooling water is needed so it can be located at any desired place.

As it does not make noise. It can be readily accepted in residential areas.

The land requirement is considerably less compared with conventional

power plants.

Fuel cell power plants may further cut generation costs by eliminating or reducing line
losses. The maintenance charges are low as there are no moving parts and
outages are also less.

The weight and volume of the fuel cell is considerably low compared to
other energy sources.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

FUEL
FUEL CELL
CELL

POTEN
TIAL ●

●
LOAD LEVELLING
POWER PLANT USING FUEL
CELL AND GASSIFIED COAL

APPLI ●

●
HAS HIGHER SFFICIENCY
DISPERSED GENERATION
MEET THE DEMAND OF

CATIO
ISOLATED SITES
●
IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES

N
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

FUEL CELL NEW TECHNOLOGY

NEW
NEW
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPED
DEVELOPED

USE
USE IT
IT !!
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

SAVE
SAVE NON
NON CONVENTIONAL
CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
ENERGY SOURCES
SOURCES USE
USE THESE
THESE

BIOMASS
BIOMASS SOLAR
SOLAR

FUEL
FUEL CELL
CELL WATER
WATER

WIND
WIND
NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T
NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES BY -- PRASHANT KUMAR, R.I.E.T

Queries ?