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Recap
We have looked last lecture at
(Vector addition)
FV
Tan = F V / FH
Buoyancy Forces
The altitude of a hot air
balloon is controlled by the
temperature difference
between the air inside and
outside the balloon, since
warm air is less dense than
cold air.
When the balloon is neither
rising nor falling, the upward
buoyant force exactly
balances the downward
weight.
Buoyancy forces
Buoyancy
As the pressure in a fluid increases with depth, the fluid
exerts a resultant upward force on any body immersed
in it.
Consider a cylinder submerged in water:
Buoyancy = total vertical force exerted on the body due to
pressure
Free surface
FTOP
FBOTTOM PBOTTOM A g ( h L) A
FBottom
A=area
Buoyancy forces
Free surface
FTOP
f gV
That is:
Fb f gVbody
Or in words
FBottom
A = Area
Buoyancy forces
Buoyancy
The formula derived for a cylinder is applicable for any
shape:
Fb f gVbody
The buoyant force acting on a body is equal
to the weight of the liquid displaced by the
body.
The buoyant force is independent of:
a) the distance of the body from the free surface;
b) the density of the solid body.
FCED
D
F
FCFD
Buoyancy forces
Archimedes Principle
Archimedes Principle
Floats/Sinks?
Maximum Buoyancy Force
fluid gVdrum
Weight
M drum g drumVdrum g
Drum Floats:
Weight Bouyancy
drum fluid
Example
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fb gV
where V is the volume of
the part of
the body immersed in the
liquid.
The weight of the entire body must be equal to the buoyant force.
i.e.
FB = W
total
Archimedes Principle
Example Question
M drum 250kg
sw 1020 kg m
H 1m
D 0.8m
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
0.488 m
1m
0.122 m
0.497 m
It sinks!
None of the above
Archimedes Principle
Example Question
M drum 250kg
H 1m
D 0.8m
Consider two 5-cm-diameter sphere balls one made of steel, the other
wood submerged in water.
Will the buoyancy force acting on these two balls be the same or different?
Why?
Will the buoyancy force change if the balls are submerged in oil?
Fb
Fb
Wood
Steel
W
W
Worked example
Vbody
4
4
0.1
R 3 3.14
3
3
2
5.23 10 4 m 3
water
FS
Fb
Is it Stable?
Stability
Stable?
Terminology:
Centre of Buoyancy
Centre of Gravity
Stable Equilibrium
c.g.
c.b.
Neutral Equilibrium
Unstable Equilibrium
Metacentre
Metacentric Height
Rotation
G
Restoring Moment = Wx
G below B
B@G
Rotation
G
Overturning Moment = Wx
G above B
B
Rotation
G
x
W
B
W .GM . sin
GM = metacentric height
When is small:
W .GM .
Metacentric Height
W
GM
M Below G
therefore
Unstable
Stable?
Metacentre
c.g.
c.b.
Summar
y
We have looked today at:
Buoyancy force
Stability of submerged and floating
bodies
Next lecture
Rigid body motion