Operating Systems

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

Operating Systems
Lesson 7
Types of OS
Manufacturers and Families of Operating Systems
What Does an Operating System Do for the User?
Memory Management \ Process Management.
OS Interfacing with Users
OS Interfacing with Hardware
OS Saving Data
OS Provides a Platform for Software Applications.
OS Ability to Configure and Customise

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics
An operating system
is the core software
that allows the
computer to run as a
useful device.
The OS connects up
the hardware in a
computer.
Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics- What does an OS do? Page 54

1. Managing installed applications
2. Managing inputs and Outputs (known as I/O)
3. Manage Memory
4. Manage the Central Processing Unit
5. Manage Storage
User
Application

Operating
System

Hardware

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics Page 55
GUI = Graphical User Interface User Friendly, WIMP (window, icon, menu, pointing) Interface. High
System Requirements
CLI = Command Line Interface Powerful but Require Knowledge, Learn Commands. Low System .
Low System Requirements

Operating System (OS) Compatibility:

An OS will only work with a certain line of CPUs and architecture which share a common instruction
set. Remember to check 64 or 32bit when purchasing a Operating system
Microsoft Windows OS work with the 32 and 64 CPUs
.
Apple MAC OS used to work only with Motorola CPUs but have now migrated to Intel CPUs.
Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics Page 55

The kernel is responsible for

User

1) Loading and Unloading applications from memory

2) Scheduling task to run on the CPU

Application

3) File Management
4) Data Security

Operating System

The kernel connects the system hardware to the

application software.

Kernel

Hardware

Kerne
l

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics Roles

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics - Memory management

Memory management ensures that each
process has memory needed to execute
This includes system RAM, virtual memory
and CPU cache
Memory management will constantly
monitor system memory.
It

will place jobs that need processing into

memory

Check

any free space made after jobs

have been completed which can then be
filled by new jobs.

Memory management will also make sure

that memory doesn't get stolen by wayward
applications

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics - Process
manager
Process manager organises the
Central
Processing Unit (CPU)
It manages each job in memory and places
them into CPU process queue
Once each job is processed the next
queued job is processed and so on.
The process manager will make sure that
jobs are organised and processed in order.

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics - Device manager

Input/Output
The Device manager interfaces with the
computer hardware. It manages each
device installed taking their request for
processing and handing them over to the
process manager. Sometimes they need
instant processing. These are called
interrupt requests. They are given top
priority and moved into the start of the
process queue.

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics - Device manager

Input/Output

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics File
Manager
The file manager organises files stored on
the hard drive. It scans all files and see
what they requires. exe files will launch and
install. txt files will need to launch an
application to view and edit them
It sets permission on these files. Read
allows users to read but not modify the file.
Write allows users to read and edit the file
and finally execute launches installations.

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics File
Systems We have a book shelf.
We buy the complete series of
Harry Potter. 7 books in total
of various physical seizes.
They are placed anywhere we
have room for them in our
shelf.
We need to get access to the
books, we need to keep a
system showing where they
are.

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics File
Systems
Like Harry Potter in our book shelf, files on a
hard drive could be spread out across many
clusters.
A File system is a way to control how
information is stored and retrieved
It describes where one piece of data starts and
ends
Which file system a system uses depends on
what it has been formatted in.

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

OS basics Page 56
ReFS (Resilient File System)

FAT16 \ FAT32 File System (File Allocation

Table)

Native for Latest Home and Business Operating

Systems:

FAT16 = 8.3 Naming Convention =

WILTSCO~1.DOC

Win 8, Win 8.1, Win Server 2012

FAT32 = Long Filenames = Wiltscoll.doc

ReFS Features

Native for Legacy Home Operating Systems:

Storage Spaces Pool HDD Space

Win 3x, Win 95, Win 98, Win Me.

Integrity, Availability, Scalability, App Compatibility,

ProActive Error Identification.

Floppy Disks.

Features the same as NTFS BitLocker Encryption,

ACLs for Security, USN Journal, Symbolic Links,
Junction Points, Mount Points, Reparse Points, Volume
Snapshots, File IDs, Oplocks, Change Notifications.

USB Pen Drives (Under 4gB)

NTFS File System (New Technology File System)

Native for Current Home and Business Operating
Systems:

Win NT, Win 2K, Win XP, Win Server 2008, Win Vista,
Win 7, Win 8, Win Server 2012
USB Pen Drives (Over 4gB)

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users

Types of Operating
Systems
Research the Following in your Groups
Real-time operating system
Single-user, single task
Single-user, multi-tasking
Multi-user
Create a Fact Sheet detailing: What it is examples of
computer system uses it and technical details

Lecturer: Owen Funnell

BTEC Level 3 90-Credit Diploma for IT Users