Solvents Used in Pharmacy

Presenters
Mustafa
Ijaz
(13610)

Ahmad Ali
Mir
(13639)

Samam
Wasiq
(13660)

Abdullah
(13661)

Topics

Introduction

On the basis of
nature

Types of
Solvents

On the basis of
polarity

Purpose of
using the
solvents

On the basis of
use

Ideal
properties of
solvent
Example of
Solvents Used
in Pharmacy

Introduction

A solvent is a substance dissolves a solute resulting

in a solution

Solute

Solvent

Solutio
n

Types of solvents
Solvents
On the
basis
Nature
On the
basis of
Polarity

On the
basis of
Use

Types of solvents

Solvent
(Nature)
Organic

Inorgani
c

Types of solvents
Solvent having inorganic
Inorgani nature
c

Solvent Water

Organic
Solvent

Solvent having organic

nature
Hydrocarbons

Types of solvents
Solvent
(Polarity)
Polar

Semi
Polar

Non
Polar

Types of solvents
Polar

Non
Polar
Semi
polar

Solvent having ability to develop strong poles

High dielectric constant value
Dielectric constant value for water is 80
Solvent having no ability to produce poles
Low dielectric constant value
Dielectric constant value of benzene is 5.7

Solvents having ability to develop weak poles

Dielectric constant value of methanol is 30

Types of solvents

Solvent
(Use)
Oral
Preparation
s

External
Preparation
s

Injectable
Preparation
s

Purpose of using the

solvents
Used in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical
ingredients
Used in the formulations for volume make up
Used in cleaning the equipment
Used for extraction of drugs or other
substances
Used for purification
Provide the reaction medium

Purpose of using the

solvents
Used to control the properties of a certain
formulation
Used as flavoring agent
Used as preservatives
Used as anti microbial
Used for separation of two or more
components

Examples of solvents
Water

Much cheaper solvent

Commonly employed solvent

Ethyl
alcohol

Widely Used
Dissolve resins, glycoside and
alkaloids

Glycerin
e

Solvent for many substances that

are water insoluble
Also act as a preservative

Examples of solvents
Isopropyl
alcohol
Diethylene
glycol
Chlorofor
m

Used only for making external

preparations
Used in lotions and perfumes
Used as solvent for nitrocellulose
resins and oils
Also used as solvent for waxes and
fat
Used as solvent for alkaloids and
fats
Used as flavoring agent and
preservative

Examples of solvents
Light
Petroleum

Good solvent for oils, fats and resins

Used in making external preparations
only

Acetone

Used to dissolve resins and fats

Employed as a solvent for cantharidin

Light liquid
paraffin
Ethly oleate

Used for making oily nasal drops

Used as a solvent for steroid hormones

Due to low viscosity, can be used for oily
IM

Ideal properties of solvent

Ideal
Properties

Pharmacolog
ically inert

No
interaction
with drug

Cost
effective

Stable for
handling

Ideal properties of solvent

Ideal
Properties

Feasible

Easily
dissolve or
disperse the
polymer
system

Colorless

Tasteless

Ideal properties of solvent

Ideal
Properties

Non
inflammable

No
environmen
tal impact

Less
volatile

Resist
Microbial
Growth

En
d