FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF

MASTICATORY SYSTEM
Oleh : Sekar Pratiwi
Pembimbing : Iwan Ahmad, drg., Sp.
KGA

THE MASTICATORY SYSTEM

A dynamic biomechanical musculoskeletal system

COMPONENTS OF THE
MASTICATION
Dentitions
Periodontal supporting tissues
Maxilla and Mandible
Temporomandibular Joint
Mandibular musculature
Muscles of lips, cheeks, and tongue
Involving soft tissue
Supplying innervation and vasculation

PRIMARY
PRIMARY DENTITION
DENTITION

Maxillary teeth
1 2

Mandibular teeth 1
Months

4
2

5
3

8 10 13 16 19

5
27 29

PERMANENT
DENTITION

Maxillary teeth

Mandibular teeth

Years

1
1

2
2
8

53 7

3 4 5 7
10

12

8
8
20

LOSS OF TEETH
CAUSES
OCCLUSAL
DISHARMONY

o Early loss of deciduous teeth without space

retaining appliances
o Loss of mandibular first molar
Menyebabkan :
lingual and mesial tipping of mandibular 2nd
and 3rd molar
Loss vertical dimension
Changing in masticatory habit and muscle
tonicity

PERIODONTAL
PERIODONTAL
SUPPORTING
SUPPORTING
TISSUES
TISSUES
Cementum
Periodontal ligament
Supporting bone
Usually, periodontium is protected
against injury by neuromuscular
reflexes

PROBLEMS TO
PERIODONTIUM
Periodontal trauma
Pattern of mastication
Loss of teeth
Loss of periodontal support
Faulty restoration
Abnormal occlusal force;
bruxism, clenching

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR
JOINT (TMJ)

A complex giniglymoarthrodial (hinge and glide)

articulation with limited capability of
diarthrosis (free movement)

TMJ IN SAGITAL VIEW

10

TMJ IN ANTERIOR VIEW

11

LATERAL VIEW OF
MANDIBULAR COMPONENTS
A, Lateral view. B, Diagram
showing the anatomic
components.

12

ACL, Anterior capsular

ligament (collagenous);

AS, articular surface;

IC, inferior joint cavity;

ILP, inferior lateral pterygoid

muscles;

IRL, inferior retrodiscal lamina

(collagenous);

RT, retrodiscal tissues;

SC, superior joint cavity;

SLP, superior lateral pterygoid

muscles;

SRL, superior retrodiscal

lamina (elastic).

ARTICULAR CAPSULE
Consist of
internal synovial layer
outer fibrous layer containing veins,
nerves, and collagen fibres.
Innervation of capsule disk
arises from CN V;
auriculotemporal and masseteric
nerves
Venous plexus at posterior
aspect

13

SYNOVIAL TISSUE
Synovial cell and connective tissue covering the
lower and upper-joint spaces
Synovial fluid, a proteoglycan-hyaluronic acid
complex acts as a lubricant and may participated in
nutritional and metabolic interchange for central
part.

14

ARTICULAR DISK
(MENISCUS)
Biconcave oval structure
interposed between the
condyle and the temporal
bone
1 mm in the middle and 2-3
mm at periphery
Dense collagenous
connective tissue
Centre area is a vascular,
hyaine and devoid of nerve
15

LIGAMENTS
Temporomandibular
ligament
extend from base of zygomatic process
of the temporal bone downward and
oblique to the neck of the condyle

16

LIGAMENTS
Stylomandibular ligament
From styloid process and runs
downward and forward to attach
broadly on the inner aspect of the
angle of mandible

17

LIGAMENTS
Sphenomandibular
ligament
arising from the angular spine of
sphenoid bone and petrotympanic
fissure, ending at lingula of mandible

18

FUNCTIONS OF
LIGAMENTS
Accessory ligaments may limit border movements of
the mandible
Fibrous capsule and TM ligament may limit of
extreme lateral movements in wide opening of
mandible

19

MASTICATORY
MUSCLES
Masseter muscle
Temporalis muscle
Medial pterygoid muscle
Lateral pterygoid muscle

20

MASSETER MUSCLE

(1) The superficial portion consists of fibers that run downward

and slightly backward
21
(2) the deep portion consists of fibersthat
run in a predominantly
vertical direction.

TEMPORALIS
MUSCLE

3 bundles
Anterior bundle (vertical fibre)
Action: Mandible elevator (Close jaws), crushing and chewing at C.O.
Inaction: Mandible depression (except Max. Opening and Opening against resistance)

22

TEMPORALIS
MUSCLE

Posterior bundle (Horizontal bundle)

Action: Mand. retraction and positioner
Inaction: Mand. depression and protrusion

Intermediate bundle
Action: Protrisive movement

23

LAT. PTERYGOID
MUSCLE

A, Medial pterygoid muscle. B, Function: elevation of the

mandible.
24

LAT. PTERYGOID
MUSCLE

A, Inferior and superior lateral pterygoid muscles. B, Function

of the inferior lateral pterygoid: protrusion of the mandible.
25

MANDIBULAR MOVEMENTS

26

THANK YOU

27