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Social institutions

A social institution is an important human


organization in a culture group that helps a
society to survive.
Anthropologists have identified
government, religion, education ,
economy and family as the five basic
social institutions that are necessary for a
society to survive
An easy way to remember the social
institutions is by using the initials GREEF

G for Government
Government is the political
organization of a society
The purpose of government is to keep
order and make group decisions
In Pakistan, the government keeps order by
providing law enforcement at various
levels; it defends us from enemies through
the armed services; it provides social
services like Social Security and Medicare;
it protects the rights of the population.

R for Religion
Religion represents the moral belief
system of a society; it can include ideas
about magic, superstition and an explanation
about how the universe came about
Religion is necessary to determine group
values; to have a common belief system
Although Pakistani society has many religions
sects, they serve similar functions. Religion
teaches a moral code that is generally
reflective of the society;

1. Meet Basic
needs not met by

Other Social
Institutions.

Meet ultimate
concerns with life
and death.

Explain the meaning


of existence

Provide social
stabilityprovide
individuals with
A moral & ethical
code of behavior.

In their attempt to
account for aweinspiring phenomena.

Such as
storms, men
came to the

conclusion
supernatural
powers
existed

Another idea that took place was the


growth of ideas of right & wrong.

Good behavior must be rewarded by the


gods; bad behavior would be punished. A
code of ethics.

E is for Education
Education is the institution that passes on essential
cultural knowledge to members of a society
Education is necessary to pass information and
knowledge of the culture from one generation
to the next
Pakistani education instills knowledge about the
world; it provides skills to become competent in
the world of work; and hereafter it teaches the
values of the Islamic way of life; it offers
opportunities for intellectual, social and
emotional growth.

E for
economy

Maasa

Structures of
relationship,
obligation, role and
function
Political, economic,
religious, educational,
aesthetic, family

Economic
Systems

Economy: system of
production,
distribution,
consumption

Economic
Systems

Mode of production
Capitalist
Non-industrial

Economic
Systems

Means of production
Labor
Technology
Land
Ownership

Foragers
Horticulturalists
Pastoralists
Intensive agriculture

Social
Institutions
The Family

So, what exactly is a family?


The Debate over Family Definitions:
a group of people related by either blood, marriage, or
adoption
a social institution that unites individuals into
cooperative groups that care for one another, including
any children
people with or without legal or blood ties who feel they
belong together
- definition varies from society to society
- definition can change over time

Family of Orientation: family that one is


born into
Gives name identity
Give heritage
Gives ascribed status
Grants orientation to the world

Family of Procreation: established upon


marriage
Legal to have children
Gives name
Becomes ones family of orientation
Grants orientation to the world

Basic Types of Families


Nuclear Family: family structure
comprised of parent(s) and children

Extended Family: family structure


comprised of two or more generations of
adults who live in the same household &
share economic resources

Which Sitcom Represents


Which?

Family Matters

The Simpsons

Additions to Family Types


Blended Family: family structure
formed when at least partner in a
marriage has been married before and
has children from the previous
marriage

Single Parent Family: family


structure in which one parent is
head of household raising children
without other parent

Family Structure
Head of
Family

Patrilineal

Matrilineal

Bilateral

For Descent &


Inheritance

Male Line

Female Line

Both Equally

Example

Iran & Iraq

Pueblo People

United States

Authority In
Family:

Patriarchy

Matriarchy

Equalitarian

Who

Oldest Male

Oldest Female

Shared By Both

Example

Iraq & China

Rare/Obsolete

United States

Marriage
Two Basic Forms of Marriage
Monogamy: marriage between one man & one women
Polygamy: marriage of man/women to more than one person

Two Types of Marriage


Exogamy: marriage to person outside kind
or group
Result: Heterogamy (different)
Ex: outside blood line

Endogamy: marriage to person inside kind


or group

o
o
o
o
o

Reasons for
Marriage
Love
Arrangement
Economic Benefit
Social Class
Companionship

Reasons for
Divorce
o Personal Factors
- age - years
-quality

o Societal Factors
- economic changes
- generational
change
- independence
- values/attitudes of
society

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