Principles of Gaming

Leisure

Historical Development of
Recreation and Leisure: A
Brief Overview

Renaissance Period
(13501600)

Upper-class

Painting, music, literature, science, and education

Well-educated man could ride, fence, dance, and paint

Great cultural movement in the arts and education

Reformation Period
(1500s1600s)

Protestant work ethic introduced to colonial America

Recreation and leisure were earned through daily
hard work
Work before play
Ample time for recreation and leisure = lazy and a
loafer

Industrial Revolution
(17001900)

Working-class

No time or energy
Few leisure opportunities
Visiting the taverns or pubs

Middle class

Modeled upper class

Playing the piano, singing, and
drama

Upper class

Enjoyed many forms of

recreation
Bird watching, fishing, cricket,
polo, and hunting

Roaring 20s

People began to recognize the need to enjoy

leisure time

Hard work followed by deserved recreation and

leisure

Touring in the newly invented automobile

The Charleston in illegal after-hours clubs
Jazz
Gambling

Depression Years
(19291945)

Recreation became less formal

People came together

Played their musical instruments

Had picnics at the local beaches
Went swimming
Conducted square dances
Made ice cream were the norm

Big bands and swing music were

popular

Attending the movie theatres (with

sound)

Modern Era
(1950Present)
Fundamental changes in 1950s

+ Middle-class citizens had extra money for fun and leisure

+ Finish work each evening with leisure activities
+ Faster transportation = travel
+ Early retirement and enjoyment
+ Municipal multipurpose recreational facilities
- Technological advancements took over for PA

Present
Although technology can provide hours of recreation, it
does not necessarily promote a healthy and active lifestyle

Group Discussion :
Subject: Unobligated Time
People sleep between 6 and 8 hours every day and
work or go to school for another 8 hours a day
during the week. Although the number of hours
consumed by sleep as well as the exact
requirements of daily living vary from person to
person, one thing is certain: Human beings spend
well over one-third of their lives experiencing
unobligated time.
Consider the following:
How much unobligated time do people have? (Hint: Think in
terms of have-tos and want-tos; be objective.)
What do people normally do with the remaining time?
How can you reprioritize to have more time available for

Factors Promoting the Growth of Recreation:

The following are the factors that helped

bring about the growth of recreation:

Increase in discretionary
time

a key factor underlying the growth of recreation has been the

growth of free or discretionary time in the 20 th century. Due to
advanced mechanical equipment and automated processes in
factories, agriculture, and the service fields, productive capacity
increased remarkably during the half of the 19 th century and the
first half of the 20th century. In addition, more holidays and longer
vacations are now enjoyed by most employees. Because of
improvised Social Security benefits and pension plans as well as
medical advances which lead to a longer life, many employees
can now avail of fifteen or more years of full-time leisure after
retirement. Another reason is that labor saving devices such as
automatic washing machines, lawnmowers, microwave ovens
and vacuum cleaners have greatly simplified the demands of life.

Influence of technology

sophisticated technology has provided new forms of

recreation for the people. Outdoor recreation uses
complex and expensive devices in activities such as
skydiving, hang gliding, scuba diving, boating,
rollerblading, skiing and snowboarding. Computer dating
provides a new form of social contact for single adults.
Video games offer interactive competition or exposure to
new varieties of play setting and virtual realities. The
internet has become an important part of travel and
tourism by providing information and fascinating
reservations and vacation choices. Home-based
recreation has become dependent on varied forms of
electronic entertainment.

Public interest in health

and fitness

a key trend in the 20th century is the growth

of public interest in exercise and physical
fitness programs. Many people are now
concerned about improving their health,
vitality and appearance through diet and
exercise. Those who exercise regularly look
and feel better. Research showed that the
most successful fitness programs were
those that provided recreation interest and


Commodification of leisure

various forms of recreation are being developed by

profit-seeking businesses. Giant corporations have
taken control of music, television, movie
businesses, sports stadiums, cruise ships, theme
parks, and other leisure operations. Many
elaborate new facilities which offer varied forms of
recreation are being developed as part of the trend
toward commodification. In big cities, huge public
fitness centers which include pools, aerobics,
dance rooms, and facilities for family play are
being built and often charge membership fees that

Therapeutic recreation service

an important aspect of growth of recreation has been the

increased awareness of the recreation needs of persons
with physical, mental or social disabilities. In recent years,
there has been an increased recognition of the need to
provide recreational programs for special populations such
as mentally retarded, mentally ill, and physically
challenged. These programs use therapeutic recreation as
a form of treatment. One of the sports programs for people
with disabilities that has received much attention in recent
years is the Special Olympics, an international program of
physical fitness, sports training and athletic competition
for children and adults with mental retardation.

New leisure roles for

women

at present, there is a strong drive by women to

play a more equal role in recreational
opportunities. In the past, women were barred
from a variety of athletic, outdoor recreation,
cultural and social involvements. Women were
treated as second-class citizens in leisure
opportunities. With the emergence of a strong
feminist movement, this inequality was corrected.
There is now a growing interest in womens tennis
golf, gymnastics, track and field and similar events
in every level of competition. Outstanding women
athletes have helped create a new image of

A dollar won is as sweet as a

dollar earned
Paul Newman

Gambling
defined as staking of something valuable
in the hope of winning a prize where the
outcome is unknown to the participants.

 Recreational Gambler
- People who are occasionally recreational
gambler generally have zero to low risk of
developing problematic gambling behaviors.

Problematic Gambler
Also called as Ludomania. Is an urge
to continuously gamble despite
harmful negative consequences to
himself or to people close to him.

Assignment # 1
1. what is the "wide open gambling bill?
2. what is the bull-pen casino?
3. who is:
a. Raymond & Harold Smith
b. Bugsy
c. Howard Hughes
d. Steve Wynn
4. What are the Las Vegas top hotels
5. Top ten gambling cities in the world

HISTORY OF MODERN
GAMING

1864
Nevada state lawmakers started proposing a bill
regarding the legalization of gambling.
1869
The first bill legalizing gambling was passed.
1909-1910
The state legislature passed a law outlawing all forms
of gambling.
Casino Operators move their operations underground.
1911
Gambling became legalized again for social games
such as poker and slot machines.

1931
The Wide Open Gambling Bill (Also called as
Assembly bill 98)
Introduced by Assemblyman Phil Tobin
Passage of the bill would accomplish three things:
a. Legalized gambling would provide the state with
much-needed revenue through gaming taxes.
b. Legalized gambling would enhance business in
general.
c. With the impending construction of the Hoover Dam
and the thousands of federal workers who would be
required for the project.

March 19, 1931

Assembly bill 98 was signed by Governor Fred Balzar to
become a law.
legalized the following games:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

Faro
Monte
Roulette
Fan-tan
Keno
Black Jack
Poker
Slots

Two events occurred that would

dramatically affect Nevada gambling

1. October 29, 1929

The stock market crash which was
appropriately called Black Tuesday.
2. Funding of the Hoover Dam
A project of the U.S. Congress only three
months following the crash.

THE BULL PEN CASINO

In 1932, the Bull Pen Casino opened in the Carson City
prison and was operated by inmates, who were allowed
to keep their profits. Naturally, the casino customers
were all inmates as well.
In order to operate a game, the game boss (inmate)
had to satisfy a prison administrative board that he
could afford to bankroll the game. After obtaining
approval from the board, the only other requirement
was that the game boss contributes a fixed amount of
the proceeds to an Inmate Welfare Fund. With the
exception of this limited form of taxation, the game
boss was allowed to run his game and keep the profits.

 The Bull Pen Casino provided the game

boss with one of the few benefits of
receiving a long prison sentence. In the
Bull Pen Casinos prime, an inmate could
gamble at blackjack, roulette and poker.
Unfortunately for the game boss, the
prison casino was closed in 1967 and
replaced with more constructive and
probably less profitable programs.

THE BIRTH OF THE LAS

VEGAS STRIP

 1935 1946
Nevada was the center of gambling
Refers only to the stretch of Las Vegas
Boulevard. Between sahara avenue and
Russell.

 Legend has it that on a hot summer day in 1939, hotelier

Thomas Hull had a flat tire on old Highway 91 just south of
downtown Las Vegas. Mr. Hull could not help noticing the
large number of cars that passed him while he was waiting
for a mechanic to arrive. Consequently, Thomas Hull opened
the El Rancho Vegas in 1941 across from where the Sahara
Hotel & Casino stands today.
On October 30, 1942, the Last Frontier Hotel& Casino joined
the El Rancho and became the second casino on the Las
Vegas Strip. In 1960, the El Rancho, like the Meadows Supper
Club, was destroyed by fire and the casino was never rebuilt.
The Frontier Hotel and Casino today is located on the same
spot as the original Last Frontier.

Raymond & Harold Smith

Bugsy

Howard Hughes

Steve Wynn

Factors contributing to
gaming industry growth

1. Disposable Income
Industrial Revolution (19th Century)
Baby boomers (1946-1964)
Fewer Children
2. Lost of Moral Stigma
3. Acceptance of Gambling
4. Legalization of Gaming

Theological Arguments
1. Catholic (The New Catholic
Encyclopedia)
Motives
Good Cause
Leisure
As long as no one will be affected
2. Judaism
Occasional Gambler
3. Protestants (Christian)
4 basis
Work Ethics Use Talent
Poverty Ethic if you earned something
use it for Gods purpose
The love of ones neighbor
The faith in Gods Plan

Theological Arguments
(cont)
4. Muslim / Islam
Forbidden
Work for every money
Except (Horse Racing)
5. Hindu
No Gambling
Impure and Incapable
Casino in waters
6. Buddhism
Gambling is one of evil that lead
mans ruin

Social and Economic

Arguments
1. It leads to compulsive gamblers or
problematic gamblers
2. Diverts money from productive
businesses
3. Lower standing of living
4. Contributes to crime
5. Increase the cost of Law Enforcement
6. Further Police Corruption
7. Necessarily damage of the individual
8. Corrupt athletics

Responsible Gaming Prog

The aim is to minimize the harm to consumers who may be
adversely affected by gambling.
Social Responsibility
Examples of CSR of casinos
Hire people in the vicinity
Give scholarship to the students
Give training Community Based Trainings

Counseling
a) The help line is available 24hrs a day
b) Help is available
c) The counselors are available to provide information and
advice

Sample RGP

Sample RGP

Sample RGP

10 Tricks Casinos use on yo

1. No Clocks
2. No Windows
3. Lights, and sounds activity
A casino is a cacophony of wonderful and alluring
stimulation: bells ringing, siren-like lights flashing,
change clanging, slot wheels whirring, digital sounds
beeping its all captivating. Why is it captivating?
Because its non-verbal communication saying, Win!
Win! Win!. It gives the impression that everyone is
indeed winning when, in reality, most are losing.

4. Ambience
- casino is low and mellow, This is to give it a homey,
friendly feel, kind of like sitting on your couch in your

10 Tricks Casinos use on you!

(cont)
5. Location of Services
6. Near wins
7. Freebies
- Players will often receive coupons for free meals, buffets, shows, etc.,
or point cards which enable them to win other prizes in order to get
them to keep coming back.

8. Alcohol
- Free drinks work on a couple of levels. First, theyre FREE. Unless
youre a teetotaler, who doesnt love free drinks?
9. Keeping the Big Winners
- Although small bettors are important, casinos surely want to
keep the high rollers as well. Those fortunate enough to win big
are treated like kings. They basically make these players offers
they cannot refuse, from free suites to extravagant, special
treatment.
10.Labyrinth Design

Gaming Environment
Features
1. Casino Layout
- Traffic, Flow staff client, spacing,
high
Rollers (separates from others),
cage, pit,
slot banks and booth
2. Supporting Facilities
3. Signage

a. Overhead Signage

b. Progressive Signage

c. In Machine Signage

d. Denomination or
Bank End Signage

e. Right of Admission Reserv

Cage
The area
designated for and
controlled by the
casino cashier. The
cage is the
financial center of
the casino and
operates like a
bank

Chips
Do not have a pre-determined value
and can be wagered or redeem only
at the game where purchased.

Cheque
Gaming chip
that has a
specified value
and can be used
throughout the
casino or
redeemed for
cash

Pit
An arrangement of the tables within
the casino, usually in a circular or
oblong shape.

3 categories of casino gam

1. Table Game
2. Random Ticket Games (Number
Games)
- Bingo and Keno
3. Electronic Gaming Machine
- Slot Machine

Types of Casino Games

1.
2.
3.
4.

Random Games
Card Games
Dice Games
Slot Machine

ROULETTE

BLACK JACK

 Blackjack is a popular American casino

game, now found throughout the world.
It is a banking game in which the aim of
the player is to achieve a hand whose
points total nearer to 21 than the
banker's hand, but without exceeding
21.
In Nevada casinos the game is generally
known21rather than Blackjack.
The aim of the game is to accumulate a
higher point total than the dealer, but
without going over 21.

Equipment
Played with an international
52-card deck without jokers.
Casinos normally use
several decks mixed
together (called a shoe)
blackjack is played on a
specially designed table
To play blackjack you need
chips to bet with, and you
typically buy your chips
directly from the dealer.

Players Turns
1. After the cards have been dealt, the game goes
on with each player taking action - in clockwise
order starting to dealer's left.
2. the player can keep his hand as it is (stand) or
take more cards from the deck (hit), one at a
time, until either the player judges that the hand
is strong enough to go up against the dealer's
hand and stands, or until it goes over 21, in which
case the player immediately loses (busts).
3. In most places, players can take as many cards as
they like, as long as they don't bust, but some
casinos have restrictions regarding this.

Dealers Turns
1. When all players have finished their actions, either decided to
stand or busted, the dealer turns over his hidden hole card.
2. If the dealer has a natural 21 (blackjack) with his two cards, he
won't take any more cards. All players lose, except players who
also have a blackjack, in which case it is a push - the bet is
returned to the player.
3. If the dealer doesn't have a natural, he hits (takes more cards)
or stands depending on the value of the hand. Contrary to the
player, though, the dealer's action is completely dictated by
the rules. The dealer must hit if the value of the hand is lower
than 17, otherwise the dealer will stand.
4. Whether or not the dealer must hit on a soft 17 (a hand of 17
containing an ace being counted as 11) differs from casino to
casino. There might even be blackjack tables with different
rules within the same casino.

Terminologies used in
Blackjack
A. Hit The player draws another card
and more (if he/she wishes)
B. Stand stands pat with live cards
C. Busted The players card exceeded
21
D. Double Down The player double hi
bet and gets only one more card.
E. Split if the player has a pair, or
any two ten point cards, then he
may double his bet and separate his
cards into two individual hands.

Terminologies used in
Blackjack
F. Surrender the player forfeits half
his bet keeping the other half and
does not play out his hand.
G. Insurance if the player assumes
that the dealer is having a natural
21
H. Push if the value of the player
and the dealer are similar or even.

10 value

1 or 11 value

How to play Blackjack

Watch: 21 movie

KENO

POKER