Persamaan Umum Material Balance

Np Bo ( Rp Rs) Bg (We WpBw)

Bg

SwiCw Cf
( Bo Boi) ( Rsi Rs ) Bg mBoi
1 Boi (1 m)
P
Bgi
1

Swi
)

Sehingga
Np Bo ( Rp Rs ) Bg WpBw
Bg

SwiCw Cf
1 N (1 m) Boi
P

1 Swi

Bgi

N ( Bo Boi ) ( Rsi Rs) Bg mNBoi

Analisa Garis Lurus Havlena Odeh

Np Bo ( Rp Rs ) Bg WpBw
Bg

SwiCw Cf
1 N (1 m) Boi
P
Bgi
1

Swi

N ( Bo Boi ) ( Rsi Rs) Bg mNBoi

Maka analisa Havlena odeh adalah :

F = N [Eo + m Eg + Ec] + We

ANALISA GARIS LURUS HAVLENA ODEH

Persamaan Dalam Metode Havlena Odeh

F adalah volume reservoir yaitu jumlah dari minyak, gas dan produksi air.
F = Np[Bo + (Rp Rs) Bg] + WpBw
F = Np[Bt + (Rp Rsi) Bg] + WpBw

Eo adalah ekspansi dari volume minyak dan dissolved gas

Eo = (Bo Boi) + (Rsi Rs)Bg = (Bt Bti)

Ec adalah persamaan kompresi yaitu ekspansi air pada ruang pori batuan.
Ec =

SwiCw Cf
P

Swi

(1 m) Boi

Eg adalah merupakan ekspansi dari tudung gas awal (initial gas cap)

Eg = Bti [(Bg/Bgi) 1]

KRITERIA METODE HAVLENA ODEH

A.
B.
C.
D.

Volumetric Undersaturated-Oil Reservoirs

Volumetric Saturated-Oil Reservoirs
Gas-Cap-Drive Reservoirs
Water-Drive Reservoirs

A. Volumetric Undersaturated-Oil Reservoirs

We = 0,
m = 0,
Rs = Rsi = Rp

F
N (E
o Ec ) 0

y
a

(1)

Plot F vs (Eo+Ec)

Gambar 1

TUGAS 2
The Virginia Hills Beaverhill Lake field is a volumetric undersaturated
reservoir. Volumetric calculations indicate the reservoir contains 270.6
MMSTB of oil initially in place. The initial reservoir pressure is 3685 psi.
The following additional data is available:
Swi = 24%, cw = 3.62 x 106 psi1, cf = 4.95 x 106 psi1,
Bw = 1.0 bbl/STB pb = 1500 psi
Calculate the initial oil in place by using the MBE and compare
with the volumetric estimate of N.

Data Produksi dan PVT

Volumetric

No. of

Bo

Np

Wp

Average Pressure

producing wells

bbl/STB

MSTB

3685

1.3102

3680

1.3104

20.481

3676

1.3104

34.750

3667

1.3105

78.557

3664

1.3105

101.846

3640

19

1.3109

215.681

3605

25

1.3116

364.613

3567

36

1.3122

542.985

0.159

3515

48

1.3128

841.591

0.805

3448

59

1.3130

1273.530

2.579

3360

59

1.3150

1691.887

5.008

3275

61

1.3160

2127.077

6.500

3188

61

1.3170

2575.330

8.000

MSTB

B. Volumetric Saturated-Oil Reservoirs

Assuming that the water and rock expansion
term Ec is negligible in comparison with the
expansion of solution gas,
F = N Eo

(2)

C. Gas-Cap-Drive Reservoirs
For a reservoir in which the expansion of the gas-cap gas is the
predominant driving mechanism and assuming that the natural
water influx is negligible (We = 0), the effect of water and pore
compressibilities can be considered negligible.

F = N [Eo + m Eg]

(3)

The practical use of Equation above in determining the three

possible unknowns is presented below:

a. Unknown N, known m:

Equation (3) indicates that a plot of F versus (Eo + m Eg) on a

Cartesian scale would produce a straight line through the origin with
a slope of N, as shown in Figure 2. In making the plot, the
underground withdrawal F can be calculated at various times as a
function of the production terms Np and Rp.
Conclusion: N = Slope

Gambar 2

b. Unknown m, known N:
Equation (3) can be rearranged as an equation of straight line, to give:

Eo mEg

(4)

The above relationship shows that a plot of the term (F/N Eo)
versus Eg would produce a straight line with a slope of m. One
advantage of this particular arrangement is that the straight line must
pass through the origin which, therefore, acts as a control point.
Figure 3 shows an illustration of such a plot.
Conclusion: m = Slope

Gambar 3

c. N and m are Unknown

If there is uncertainty in both the values of N and m, Equation (3)
can be re-expressed as:

F
Eg
N mN

Eo
Eo

(5)

A plot of F/Eo versus Eg/Eo should then be linear with intercept N

and slope mN.
Conclusions: N = intercept
mN = slope
m = slope/intercept

Gambar 4

D. Water-Drive Reservoirs
For a water-drive reservoir with no gas cap, the equation can be
expressed as:

F
We
N
Eo
Eo

(6)

Several water influx models including the:

Pot-aquifer model
Schilthuis steady-state method
Van Everdingen-Hurst model

The Pot-Aquifer Model in the MBE

We = (cw + cf) Wi f (pi p)
(Enroachment angle) o
f
360 o
(ra2 re2 )h

Wi

5.615

360 o

(7)

Where, ra = radius of the aquifer, ft

re = radius of the reservoir, ft
h = thickness of the aquifer, ft
= porosity of the aquifer
= encroachment angle
cw = aquifer water compressibility, psi1
cf = aquifer rock compressibility, psi1
Wi = initial volume of water in the aquifer, bbl

Since the aquifer properties cw, cf, h, ra, and are seldom
available, it is convenient to combine these properties and treated
as one unknown K.
We = K p

(8)

Sehingga Persamaan 6 menjadi :

F
p
N K
Eo
Eo

(9)

Equation (9) indicates that a plot of the term (F/Eo) as a function of

(p/Eo) would yield a straight line with an intercept of N and slope
of K, as illustrated in Figure 5.

Gambar 5

The Steady-State Model in the MBE

The steady-state aquifer model as proposed by Schilthuis (1936)
is given by:
1

We C (( pi p )dt
0

Where, We = cumulative water influx, bbl

C = water influx constant, bbl/day/psi
t = time, days
pi = initial reservoir pressure, psi
p = pressure at the oil-water contact at time t, psi

F
N C

Eo

( pi

p )dt

Eo

F
N C

Eo

( pi

p )dt

Eo

Plotting (F/Eo) versus ( pi p)dt / Eo results in a straight line

0
with an intercept that represents
the initial oil in place N and a
slope that describes the water influx C as shown in Figure 6.

Gambar 6

The Unsteady-State Model in the MBE

The van Everdingen-Hurst unsteady-state model is given by:

We = B p WeD
B 1.119C t re2 hf
Van Everdingen and Hurst presented the dimensionless water
influx WeD as a function of the dimensionless time tD and
dimensionless radius rD that are given by:
Plot (F/Eo) versus ( p WeD)/Eo on a Cartesian scale. If the
assumed aquifer parameters are correct, the plot will be a straight
line with N being the intercept and the water influx constant B
being the slope. It should be noted that four other different plots
might result. These are:

F
Eo

pW

eD

Eo

Gambar 7