Introduction

What is ERP:

E:

Enterprise / Company

R:

Resources

Ex: Reddy Labs, Reliance, GE, GM, BMW

Man

->

employee

Machines

->

plants/manufacturing units

Materials

->

items/products (raw, semi finished, finished)

Money

->

finance (profit/loss)

P:
Planning (effective plans for maximum profits with minimum
resources)

ERP Software:
A Software which is used to maintain and plan all the business activities of a
company/enterprise is called ERP software.

The business activities are :

How many customers/vendors/materials

How many sales orders/delivery orders/invoice

How much profits/loss

How many employees/leaves/provident funds/income tax

How many plants/stock available/stock damaged etc.

The various ERP software's are :

People Soft

Used by small companies

Supports less number of business applications/scenarios/programs

Supports less number of business modules

Less cost software

Very good at HR module

Oracle :

Used by medium sized companies

Supports limited number of business applications

Supports limited number of business modules

High cost software

Very good at finance (FI) module

SAP

SAP : It stands for Systems , Applications and Products in Data Processing

It is an ERP software which is used by medium sized as well as top MNCs

SAP supports every business scenario/application commonly used in business

SAP supports almost every Business module in the business (around 45+
modules)

Very high cost software

It is excellent at integration between all the SAP modules

Various Technical products are available from SAP like

BW/BI/BO, XI/PI , WebDynpro Abap/Java, EP, NWBC etc.

So, SAP does nt depend on any other Non SAP module
We cant do any black business in SAP (i.e., the information is stored in a
secured way where you cant do any black business)

History Of SAP

History of SAP:

In 1972, five IBM employees started a company by name SAP AG

Their objective was to develop a business software or ERP software

In 1980 the company released the first ERP software by name SAP R/2,
where R stands for real time and 2 stands for two tier architecture
In 1990 the company released advanced version of SAP R/2 by name SAP
R/3, where 3 stands for three tier architecture
Even today also we are using SAP R/3

What is ABAP

What is ABAP

Abap stands for

ADVANCED

BUSINESS

APPLICATION

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
It is a 4th generation language, That is why it is written as ABAP/4.
The entire ERP software is developed by using a single programming
language which is called as ABAP.
Once we have a good knowledge on ABAP, we can work on any SAP module.

SAP Modules :

We have various business modules in SAP. Some of them are :

SD

sales and distribution

MM

material management

FI

finance

CO

controlling

HR

human resources

CRM

customer relation management

SRM

supply relation management

SCM

Supply chain management

APO

Advanced Planner and Optimizer

SAP Consultants

Functional Consultants: A consultant who is responsible for configuring the real time
business scenarios like how many plants, sales organizations, materials etc in SAP
software is called as functional consultants.
ABAP Consultants: A consultant who is responsible for developing new programs,
screens, tables and customizing standard SAP programs is called as ABAP consultants.
BASIS Consultants: A consultant responsible for installing the SAP software,
configuring the servers, controlling network traffic, creating usernames and passwords
etc are called as BASIS consultants.

Roles and responsibilities of ABAP consultants:

Receiving a ticket/Bug in the form of Functional specification document

from TL

Analyze the business requirement as per the given Functional spec

Estimate the number of hours for business requirement

Develop the object

Perform unit testing

Release the developed object to testing server

Prepare Technical Specification document for object .

System Landscape:

Normally, every project in real time will consists of three servers

Development Server: A server where all the SAP consultants will be developing the
real time objects for a business requirement is called development server. Once the
development is finished, we should do a sample testing called as unit testing.
Quality Server: A server where all the functional consultants or testing consultants
will be testing the developed objects is called a testing server. It is also called as
quality server.
Production Server: A server where all the developed objects will be used in the live
business market to maintain the business is called production server. It contains the
live business data of customers.

Note: As an ABAP consultant, we will be working only at development

sever, not the quality and production severs. ABAP consultants with more
than 4 or 5 years of experience will have the access to quality sever but not
production server.
Sand Box Sever:

It is a server where we do our R&D work is called a sand box sever. Everybody will
have access to the sand box server.

SAP R/3 Architecture

SAP R/3 Architecture :

In software engineering there are 3 architectures

Single tier architecture

Two tier architecture

Three tier architecture

Single tier architecture: A system which is responsible for loading the

program, compiling, interpreting, executing as well as storing the data in the
same system is called single tier architecture. In simple words a system
responsible for front end and back end operations is called single tier
architecture.
Ex: All C language programs in olden days are written using single tier
architecture.

Two tier architecture: In this architecture we have two layers, server layer
and client layer.
2. a. Sever layer: In this layer we have a single system with very high
configuration called as server. This sever is responsible for executing the
programs as well as storing the data.
2. b. Client layer: In this later we have multiple systems which are connected
to a server. All the business users will be operating from client systems. The
server will receive the request from the client system and gives back the
response (i.e. result).
Ex: SAP R/2, Oracle

Disadvantages of two tier architecture:

As the number of client systems increases the load on the database server
will increase and the response time will be delayed
Since the response time is delayed the output will be very slow on the client
system which is very big disadvantage
To overcome this problem we have a new architecture called as three tier
architecture
Three tier architecture: In this architecture we have three layers, they are
database server layer, application server layer and presentation sever layer.

3. a. Database server layer: A server which is responsible only for storing the
data is called database server layer.
3. b. Application sever layer: A server which is responsible for only executing
the applications or programs is called application sever layer.
3. c. Presentation server layer: A server which is responsible for just
presenting the output and taking the input is called as presentation sever
layer.
Ex: SAP R/3 architecture.

Login to SAP

Log into SAP:

Double click on SAP GUI or SAP LOGON icon

Select development server name (ECC6)

Click on LOGON

Provide username: SAPUSER password: INDIA123

Press enter

SAP EASY ACCESS screen is displayed

Transaction Code: It is a unique code or shortcut code to execute a specific

program and its corresponding screen.

Ex:

SE11: Displays ABAP dictionary

SE38: Displays ABAP editor

SE37: Displays ABAP function builder

SE21: Displays ABAP package builder

SE80: Displays ABAP development work bench . Etc.

Naming conventions:

These objects will starts with any character

Except Y and Z.

The objects must start with either Y or Z.

These objects cant be modified directly.

These objects can be changed however we want.

PACKAGE:

It is a container of developed objects

Each project contains a single package per module

Packages are created by BASIS consultants or team leads when the project is started

All our objects must be stored in the package only

SE21 is the TCODE for creating a package

Steps to create a package:

Go SE21

Give the package name ZARJUN

Click on create, provide short description

Click on create or save, Press enter 2 times

Click on save, a package is created

Transport Request Number: A number which is used to transport an object from one
server to another server within system landscape is called transport request number.

ECCK is the name of development server

SEO9 is the TCODE for releasing TR

Ex:

Package types:

Developing/Creating an ABAP Program

Steps to create a program:

Go to SE38,

Give the program name zsample

Click on create, provide description or Title

Select type = EXECUTABLE

Click on save

Provide the package name and press enter

Click on

Provide short description and press enter

A transport request number will be generated, just press enter

The ABAP editor is opened

Click on save and activate

create request icon

Introduction to WRITE statement

WRITE: It is the statement which is used to print a text on the output screen.

It is similar to PRINTF in C language

Ex:

Write hello world.

Syntax:

: Chain Operator: It is a statement which is used to display multiple texts which are separated by commas using a single write statement.

Report zsample.

Write

hello world.

Write

welcome to sap abap

Write / igrow soft.

Write : / cno, cname, city.

Write : / 3 cno, 15 cname, 25 city.

Write: / 25(25) ABAP BY ARJUN
color)

left-justified color 1. (Displays background

Write: / 25(25 ) ABAP BY ARJUN

centered color 2.

Write: / 25(25 ) ABAP BY ARJUN

right-justified color 3.

Write: / 25(25) ABAP BY ARJUN right-justified color 6 inverse. (Displays font

color)

System Variables:

A variable which is defined by the system is called a system variable

All system variables are automatically assigned with some values

All system variables will start with SY or SYST

All system variables are stored in SYST structure

Ex:

Write / sy-uline. (Displays horizontal line across the page width)

Write / 25 sy-vline. (Displays Vertical line of height 1 line)

Write / sy-datum. (Displays systems date as per date settings in SU3 Tcode)

Write / sy-uzeit. (Displays systems time)

Write / sy-uname. (Displays systems user name)

Write / sy-repid. (Displays report name)

Ex to draw a box:

Write / 25(25) sy-uline.

Write / 25 sy-vline.

Write 49 sy-vline.

Write / 25(25) sy-uline.

Assignment:

Develop a report to display customer details as below.