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The Heart
Anatomy
Heart Anatomy
Heart Anatomy
Heart Wall
Epicardium visceral layer of the serous
pericardium
Myocardium cardiac muscle layer forming the
bulk of the heart
Fibrous skeleton of the heart crisscrossing,
interlacing layer of connective tissue
Endocardium endothelial layer of the inner
myocardial surface
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Brachiocephalic
Figure
18.4b
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Figure 18.4d
Figure
18.4e
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Figure
18.5
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Coronary Circulation
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Figure 18.7a
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Figure 18.7b
Heart Valves
Heart valves ensure unidirectional blood flow
through the heart
Atrioventricular (AV) valves lie between the atria
and the ventricles
AV valves prevent backflow into the atria when
ventricles contract
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Heart Valves
Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the
ventricles
Aortic semilunar valve lies between the left
ventricle and the aorta
Pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right
ventricle and pulmonary trunk
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Heart Valves
Figure2818.8a, b
Heart Valves
Figure2918.8c, d
Figure
18.9
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Figure
18.10
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InterActive Physiology:
Cardiovascular System: Anatomy Review: The Heart
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
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Figure 18.11
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Figure 18.13
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Figure 18.14a
Figure
18.17
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Heart is stimulated
by the sympathetic
cardioacceleratory
center
Heart is inhibited by
the parasympathetic
cardioinhibitory
center
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
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Figure 18.15
Electrocardiography
Electrical activity is recorded by electrocardiogram
(ECG)
P wave corresponds to depolarization of SA node
QRS complex corresponds to ventricular
depolarization
T wave corresponds to ventricular repolarization
Atrial repolarization record is masked by the larger
QRS complex
PLAY
InterActive Physiology:
Cardiovascular System: Intrinsic Conduction System
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
44
Electrocardiography
Figure
18.16
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Heart Sounds
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Cardiac Cycle
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InterActive Physiology:
Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Cycle
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
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Figure
18.20
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Figure 18.21
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Figure 18.22
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PLAY
InterActive Physiology:
Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Output
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
64
Figure
18.23
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Figure
18.24
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Figure
18.25
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Treatment
drugs, bypass graft,
angioplasty, stent
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
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Clinical Problems
MI = myocardial infarction
death of area of heart muscle from lack of O2
replaced with scar tissue
results depend on size & location of damage
Blood clot
use clot dissolving drugs streptokinase or t-PA & heparin
balloon angioplasty
Angina pectoris
heart pain from ischemia (lack of blood flow and oxygen ) of
cardiac muscle
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System
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By-pass Graft
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Artificial Heart
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