Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
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Sejarah filsafat barat dibagi menjadi tiga,
yaitu zaman Yunani Kuno dengan ciri
pemikirannya bersifat kosmosentris
Zaman Pertengahan dengan ciri
pemikirannya yang bercorak teosentris
Zaman Modern dengan ciri pemikirannya
yang bercorak antroposentris
Zaman Kontemporer dengan ciri
pemikiran logosentris.
FILSAFAT
THEOLOGI
19M
ILMU CABANG
AGAMA
FILSAFAT
20M
FENOMENOLOGI
STRUKTURALISME
NEOPOSITIVISME
18M
ABAD KONTEMPORER
RASIONALISME
EMPIRISME
KRITISISME
IDEALISME
POSITIVISME
14-15M
AUFKLARUNG
14M
ABAD MODERN
RENAISSANCE
3SM - 6M
LOGOS
MITOS
6SM
ABAD TENGAH
ANCILLA
THEOLOGIAE
YUNANI - KUNO
FILSAFAT
FAKTOR HEURISTIK
BIOLOGI
ASTRONOMI
MATEMATIKA
FISIKA
KIMIA
SOSIOLOGI
KOMPUTER
PARIWISATA
DLL.
YUNANI KUNO
MITOS
..... - 6SM
LOGOS
3SM - 6M
FILSAFAT
Phylo
= menyenangi
Sophia
= bijaksana
MITOLOGI
Dongeng, Takhayul
Pertanyaan timbul
(ingin tahu)
DE-MITOLOGI
Dipikirkan
(secara kritis)
LOGOS
(ilmu)
AIR
Anaximander (610 - 518 SM)
APEIRON
Anaximanes (590 - 518 SM)
UDARA
Phytagoras (580 - 500 SM)
BILANGAN
Demokritos (460 - 370 SM)
ATOM
Abad 6 SM 0 M
Periode Filsafat Yunani
Ahli filsafatnya Thales
Menggunakan pola
deduktif
Kemunculan ilmu sangat
berkembang
Abad 0 6 M
Periode Kelahiran Nabi
Isa
Pertentangan Gereja
Filsafat mengalami
kemunduran
Raja membatasi
kebebasan berfikir
ABAD PERTENGAHAN
ANCILLA THEOLOGIAE
DOGMA
DOGMA
DOGMA
DOGMA
DOGMA
ABAD KEGELAPAN
BAGI ILMU PENGETAHUAN
DOGMA
DOGMA
DOGMA
DOGMA
RENAISSANCE
14 - 15 MASEHI
AUFKLARUNG
(PENCERAHAN)
18 MASEHI
LEONARDO DA VINCI
COPERNICUS
KEPLER
GALILEO GALILEI
FRANCIS BACON
VOLTAIRE
JJ. ROUSSEAU
MONTESQUIEU
IMMANUEL KANT
perkembangan
Abad 6 M ditandai dengan runtuhnya mitologi
dan dongeng-dongeng.
Abad 6-16 M ditandai dengan kuatnya doktrin
teologis atau anciella theologia. Filsafat
digunakan untuk memperkuat keyakinan agama.
Abad 16 zaman modern yang ditandai dengan
renaissans merebaknya ilmu pengetahuan.
Abad 20 atau zaman pasca renaissans ditandai
dengan menguatnya pemikiran pasca modernis
Mythology
Aim of early Greek philosophers is to find
natural rather than supernatural explanations
for natural practices
Natural Philosophers
Nature of the physical world
Science
Thales 625BC 545BC Greek colony in Asia
Minor first know philosopher everything from
water single basic substance
Anaximander 610-546 BC all created things
are limited that which comes before and after
must be boundless - basic stuff could not be as
ordinary as water
Anaximenes 570-526 BC source of all things
must be air of vapour
Democritus
460-370 BC
everything was built up of tiny invisible blocks (p.
43)
Each block was eternal and immutable
firm and solid
not all the same different shapes and sizes
unlimited number
Called atoms, un-cuttable (p. 43)
Prominent Philosophers
Sophist a wise and informed person (p. 62)
man and his place in society (p. 62)
No absolute norms for what was right or wrong. (p.
63)
Protogoras (485-410 BC) Man is the measure of all
things (p. 62)
Socrates
470-399 BC
there are norms
wrote nothing down
greatest influence on western thinking
taught in the city squares
known to us through Platos writings
we must use our reason to grasp
philosophical truths p. 65
feigned ignorance Socratic irony
Socrates
died because of his convictions
Plato
428-347 BC
Pupil of Socrates
theory of ideas
Myth of the cave
denies the reality of
the natural world
We must become
enlightened
Plato and
Aristotle
Aristotle
384-322 BC
student of Plato
Elemental theory fire, water, wind, earth
Rejected Plato's world of ideas
Senses are important
Women as inferior
Medieval/Baroque
Machiavelli
THOMAS HOBBES
1588-1679
Locke
Existentialism/Modernism
Kierkegaard 1813-1855 father of existentialism individual finds own identity a problem mystery of
own existence
deBeauvoir - 1908-1986 French existentialist
Sartre - feminism
Sartre 1905-1980 fate doesn't exist man is
what he conceives himself to be Hell is other
people.
Descartes 1596-1650 father of modern
philosophy method of doubt - Cogito ergo sum - I
think therefore I am.
Camus 1913-1960 French writer absurd that
humans demand significance in an indifferent
universe - Man is the only creature who refuses to
be what he is.
Senses or Reason
Empiricists