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SYSTEM
Histology Departement
FK USU
August 2009
Urinary System:
System Kidney, urinary passages
Passages include:
Calyces
Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Accessory parts include:
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Kidney:
Kidney
Flattened, bean-shaped ~4.5 inches long
Capsule:
Capsule thin, fibrous, weakly attached (mostly collagenous fibers)
Interstitial C.T. scant; entirely reticular tissue
Hilus: slit-like orifice opens into expanded renal sinus,
sinus a flattened cavity
Renal sinus filled with: renal pelvis (expanded ureter); fat; C.T.;
blood vessels; nerves
Kidney cross-section
Renal Pelvis:
Subdivided into 2 or 3 major calyces
Major calyces (1) subdivide into 7 10 minor calyces (2)
Minor calyces fit over a renal papilla (3)
1
2
Nephron:
The physiological unit of the kidney used for filtration of blood and
reabsorption and secretion of materials
Unbranched; 35 mm. long
Includes straight portions & convoluted portions
1,300,000 tubules each kidney
Collecting tubules
part of a branched, tree-like system of excretory ducts
tubules are straight
Length: 21 mm. (each)
Nephrons
Henles
Cortical Ray
Straight portion of Proximal Convoluted Tubule*
Thick Ascending Segment of Henles Loop*
Straight Collecting Tubule*
Medulla
Straight portion of Proximal Tubule (thick, descending
segment of Henles Loop)
Thin segment of Henles Loop*
Thick, ascending segment of Henles Loop*
Straight Collecting Tubule; Papillary Duct of Bellini*
Tubule Characteristics
Epithelium is specific to each segment (tubule)
Epithelium of excretory ducts is of one structural type
All rest on a basement membrane
Renal Corpuscle
RENAL CORPUSCLE
Endothelium thin
Tunica media of afferent arteriole modified near entry point
Smooth muscle cells large, pale staining, lack myofibrils
= a myo-epitheliod cuff, the juxtaglomerular cell
Juxtaglomerular cell closely associated with macula
densa of ascending limb
Juxtaglomerular apparatus:
Consists of JG cell, macula densa & mesangial cell (Lacis cell or Polkissen cell)
Functions in the regulation of blood pressure
Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin which activates angiotensin II
(a vasoconstrictor)
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Glomerular Capsule
Bowmans Capsule an epithelial cup
Parietal (external) & visceral (internal) layer
both are simple squamous epithelium
cell boundaries; basement membrane - clear
Layers are continuous
Layers enclose space
Visceral layer
Proximal Convoluted Tubule longest (14 mm.), broadest (60 ) tubule segment
Most of bulk of pars convoluta (cortex)
Remarkably contorted tubule!
Location: Immediate vicinity of renal corpuscle
Enters medullary (cortical) ray in ray to medulla
Straightens in ray (= straight portion of proximal tubule or thick
descending segment of Henles loop)
Cells are low columnar
Cell limits indistinct
Nuclei: large, pale, spheroidal 3 to 4 show in
transverse section
Free surface: brush border resorpitive function
Thin Segment
Thick, descending limb
Urethra Female
Urethra = short duct, 1.5 inches long
From urinary bladder to outlet (in vestibule)
Mucosa:
Mucosa
Epithelium
Submucosa
Deep stratum rich in elastic fibers & veins (?)
Layer may really be part of Lamina Propria
Veins plexus of prominent, thin-walled vessels
Spongy, semi-erectile tissue
Muscularis
Thick coat of smooth muscle
Inner layer: longitudinal
Outer layer: circular; forms internal involuntarysphincter
near bladder
Skeletal muscle exterior to smooth muscle = voluntary
muscle Constrictor Urethrae
Adventitia
indefinite coat (fuses to surrounding structures)
Dorsally merges with fibrous coat of vagina
Other areas fuses to constrictor urethrae muscle
Urethra Male
Tube ~8 inches long; stem only homologous to female urethra
Three regional segments:
Prostatic urethra:
urethra next to bladder (1.5 inches long)
elevated urethral crest (posterior wall)
prostatic utricle & paired ejaculatory duct open on
crest
surrounded by prostate gland
Membranous urethra:
urethra prostate to penis (0.5 inches
long)
surrounded by muscles; components of urogenital
diaphragm
Cavernous urethra:
urethra 6 inches through penis
Mucosa
Epithelium varies regionally
Transitional near bladder
Most of urethra is stratified columnar or
pseudostratified
Near meatus: stratified squamous
Epithelium on thin basement membrane
Lamina Propria: resembles female L.P.
branching mucous tubules (= Urethral Glands
of Littr)
ducts with intra-epithelial nest of mucous cells
open into recesses of lumen
Submucosa
Not distinguishable as such
Like -- deeper layer with many veins
Muscularis
largely confined to prostatic & membranous segments
inner layer (smooth muscle) longitudinal
outer layer (smooth muscle) circular
best developed at bladder neck forms sphincter
cavernous segment lacks smooth muscle layers
longitudinal muscle in true erectile tissue
Adventitia
No typical adventitia present
Prostatic urethra surrounded by prostate gland
Membranous urethra encircled by sphincter of
skeletal muscle
Cavernous urethra surrounded by erectile tissue &
dense outer sheath (neither belong to urethra)
Figure 26.20a
REFERENSI
Basic Histology : Junqueira ed.11
Human Histology
Biology of Cell and Introduction to
Pathology