Blood pressure monitoring

by analysis of ECG and PPG

Under supervision of
Dr.Ashutosh Mishra

submitted by
Arpit
jaiswal(IBM2013501)
Sujeet
kumar(IBM2013506)
Saurabh chand
Mishra(IBM2013505)

Introduction and Motivation

Blood pressure or BP is the pressure exerted by the circulating blood

upon the walls of blood vessels.

It is usually measured from persons upper arm.

Blood pressure is helpful in determining the functional aspect of the

cardiovascular system.

Our main motivation behind choosing this project is the development of

such an algorithm ,so that BP measurement can be possible by cuff-less
method with real-time BP monitoring.

Problem Definition and Point-wise

objectives

Blood pressure acts as an important health index for monitoring many health problems.

Medical doctors recommends a regular self-monitoring of blood pressure to make sure that
blood pressure is under normal ranges.

Process is uncomfortable and continuous monitoring of B.P not possible.

As mobile technology springs to new level, there is a need for easily accessible mobile based
technology to measure blood pressure instead of conventional blood pressure meter that
limit their application for home monitoring.

The objectives of this research are:

1.) To design an algorithm for cuff-less blood pressure meter based
on pulse transit time (PTT).

2.) To display the estimated value of systolic blood pressure and

diastolic blood pressure using Matlab .

Analysis of Recent similar work

Much work has been done on B.p measurement of which the most noteworthy
are:

Studies by N. Lutter et al. (2002) express that the blood pressure slightly
depends on blood density and blood viscosity, but essentially relies on the pulse
wave velocity (PWV), the velocity pulse.

C. C. Y. Poon and Y. T. Zhang (2005) successfully developed cuff-less

bloodpressure measurement technique based on Moens-Korteweg's formula as
describe by N. Lutter et al, (2002). In the modeling, neglecting some changes in
undesired factor, into Moens-Korteweg's formula, the systolic blood pressure and
diastolic blood pressure then can be estimated from the equations as below:

SBP = DBP + (SBPo DBPo) * (PTTo/PTTm) ^2

Tsukasa Inajima and Yasushi Imai(2012),University of Tokyo proposed a

linear regression model between B.p and PWV,taking PPG from ear
lobes instead of fingers.

Design Methodology

Blood Pressure measurement based on Pulse Transit Time (PTT) approach is chosen for this project.

PTT is a delay time measured from R wave of electrocardiogram (ECG) to Systolic wave peak of
PhotoPlethysmoGramm(PPG).

Since PPG can be acquired from finger, ear, brachial or toes, in this project the PPG is taken from finger
utilize the finger probe of pulse oximeter.

Based on the work of C. C. Y. Poon and Y. T. Zhang ,we calculated our own coefficients by for
establishing relationship between PTT ,SBP and DBP.

In the present study, we investigated the relationship between BP and PTT and by using MIMIC
waveform database to obtain coefficients which could be used as constants for the following equation
given below:
SBP = a*Pwv
DBP = a*Pwv

Where a and b are the coefficients obtained after modification of Bramwell Hills equation, between
SBP and PTT and DBP and PTT.

Circuit for PPG

Circuit for ECG

Requirement(Hardware and software

tools)

ECG , PPG,ABP and respiration rate real-time data from physionet

MIMIC-II(Multiparameter intelligent monitoring in intensive care-II)
waveform database.

Matlab for signal analysis and development of algorithm.

Electrode

PPG and ECG self made circuit.

Experimental/Simulated observations

Constants relating SBP,DBP and PTT were tested by the help of MIMIC-II
waveform database.
Only two files from the database were selected as their were irregularities in
data of different types and also much noise was present.
So in-order to test our theory we constructed our own ECG and PPG ,not giving
special emphasis to filtering of the signal as we are concerned only with the
peaks of ECG and PPG waveform.

Results and discussions

During our intensive struggle to find the relational constant between PTT and BP, we
came across a almost enlightening concept of Respiratory sinus arrhythmia(RSA).

RSA is the effect of respiration on the R-R interval of ECG and also PPG ,during
inspiration R-R interval shortens and vice-versa.

Thus PTT also get effected by RSA.

So we calculated the constants assuming and testing when the person is in relaxed
state i.e. respiratory rate between 20-25 pm.

Using our own hardware and digital BP monitor we calculated approximate constant
for calculating B.P.

We are getting problem in deciding the precise coefficients for the range of respiratory
rate because of absence of real-time B.P. machine to check the efficiency of our
algorithm.

Thank you