Digital Image Processing &

Machine
Vision

An
Prepared by: Mr. T.R.Shah,
Introduction
Lect., ME/MC Dept.,
U. V. Patel College of Engineering.
Ganpat Vidyanagar.

Today's topics

Introduction to an image.
Why digital image??
What is digital image??
What is digital image processing??
Digital image processing task.
Applications.
Types of digital images.
Difficulties in image processing.
Study on your own.

Introduction to image

An natural image captured with a

camera, telescope, microscope or other
type of optical instrument displays a
continuously varying array of shades
and color tones. This is known as
continuous tone image or analog image.

An image provides information.

Why DIGITAL IMAGE??

Storage of an analog image !!!

Processing an analog image !!!

Answer is impossible
to store and difficult to
Process the image.

What is Digital image??

A digital image differs from an photo in

that x,y and f(x,y) values are discrete.

What is Digital Image

Processing??

Image processing involves changing the

nature of an image in order to either
1) improve pictorial information for
human interpretations, or
2) render it more suitable for
autonomous machine perception
3) reducing image size on disk

An Image Processing Task

Preprocessing
Preprocessing
(Enhancement
(Enhancement
&&Restoration)
Restoration)
Problem
Domain

Image
Image
Acquisition
Acquisition

Segmentation
Segmentation

Knowledge
Knowledge
Base
Base

Representation
Representation&&
Description
Description

Recognition
Recognition&&
Interpretation
Interpretation

Result

*Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Addison-Wesley, 1992

Applications

Lane tracking & Guidance of an autonomous

vehicle:-

N.B.:- Project submitted by Sagar Shukla & his group(2009).

Applications block
diagram
Lane tracking & Guidance of an autonomous
vehicle

Image Capture

Steering Control

Image Processing And

Analysis

Lane
Identification

Control Circuit

Applications
Real model of Manipulator

Object detection in Pick & Place Robotic

Manipulator:Camer
a
Stepp
er
Motor
Slider
s

Objec
t

N.B.:- Project submitted by Anant Jain & his group (2009).

Applications- CAD model

Object detection in Pick & Place Robotic
Manipulator

Application
Object detection in Pick & Place Robotic Manipulator
block diagram
Image
Acquisition

Image
Processing

Interfacing

M/C
CONTROLLE
R

Sensors
(Feedback)

Manipulator

Applications

Object Follower : -

N.B.:- Project submitted by Parth Chopra & Karan Dave(2010).

Object Follower
Image
acquisition

Noise
Removal

Block
Diagram
Motion
control

Area and C.G

Measurement

Edge
detection

Morphological
operation

Shape
Detection

Applications

Automatic Character Recognition :-

N.B.:- Project submitted by Tarun Patel & his group (2010).on Number Plate

Block diagram for OCR

Image
acquisition

Convert
number in
text or excel

Convert
RGB to
Gray image

OCR
Algorithm

Parking

Convert to binary image

via threshoding and
invert image
Apply
morphological
operation for
number plate
recognition

Applications

Image Inpainting: -

N.B.:- Dissertation work done by Prof. Priyank Thakkar (CE Dept., UVPCE).

Types of digital Images

Binary image
Gray scale image,
True color image or RGB image,
Indexed image.

Difficulty in digital image

processing

Image size
Gray scale image of 512 X 512 requires
= 512 X 512 X 8
= 2097152 bits.
= 2MB
3D image perception

Assignment

Think about a block of blue color. Notice the color of an object

when seen under white lighting.

Think about a block of blue color. Notice the color of an object

when seen under yellow lighting.

Take a block of gray color and put it on white back ground. Note
down the brightness of object. Now, take the same block & put it
on black background. Notice the difference for two cases.

Create picture using paint. Save it in jpg format. Save as the same
picture using 24 bit true color bmp format. Now, check the property
of two image and comment on size of same picture but saved in
different formats

Use your mobile phone low resolution camera & get image of dark
sky at night. Keep night mode on. Capture an image , get soft copy
and conclude about original scene & picture. (Mark color other than
black.)