UNIT- I

CHAPTER IN BOOK- 7
PART- II
-K. Indhu

SYLLABUS COVERED HERE

Methods:- Argument Passing into
Methods
Methods Returning Objects
Introducing Access Specifier-public,
private
Understanding static
Understanding final

K. INDHU

GOALS
1.
2.
3.
4.

Methods:- Argument Passing into Methods

Methods Returning Objects
Introducing Access Specifier- (i) public, (ii) private
Understanding1. Static Variable,
2. Static Method,
3. Static Block

5. Example Programs for Static Members

6. Understanding1. Final Class,
2. Final Variable,
3. Final Method.

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ARGUMENT PASSING- CALL BY

VALUE

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ARGUMENT PASSING BY
REFERENCE

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METHOD RETURNING OBJEC

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RECURSION POSSIBLE IN JAVA

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INTRODUCING ACCESS
SPECIFIERS

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INTRODUCING ACCESS
SPECIFIERS

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UNDERSTANDING STATIC

At time we will want to define a class member that will be

used independently of any object of that class.

However, it is possible to create a member that can be

accessed thru class without thru object.

To create such a member, precede its declaration with the

keyword static.

We can declare both methods and variables to be static.

The most common example of a static member is main( ).

main( ) is declared as static because it must be called

before any objects exist.
K. INDHU

JAVA STATIC MEMBER

DEFINITION-> If you declare any variable/method with static modifier, it

is known static variable/method.

EXAMPLE->

MEANING->
(1) The static variable can be used to refer the common
property of all objects (that is not unique for each object).

(2) Shared Single Memory is allocated to static variable /

method, irrespective of how many objects are created.

(3) Static Variables/Methods can be accessed using Classname

as<class-name>.<static-variable-name>
<class-name>.<static-method-name>

static String companyname;

public void static main(String args[]){ }

ADVANTAGE-> STATIC VARIABLE SAVES MEMORY.

K. INDHU

REGARDING JAVA STATIC

Instance variablesMEMBER
declared as static are,
essentially, global variables.

Instead, all instances of the class share the

same static variable.

Methods declared as static have several

restrictions: They can only call other static methods.
They must only access static data.
They cannot refer to this or super in any
way.

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STATIC MEMBER EXAMPLE

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STATIC MEMBER
ANOTHEREXAMPLE

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REGARDING JAVA STATIC

WHY JAVA MAINMEMBER
METHOD IS STATIC?

=> (1) Because object is not required to

call static method.

=> (2) If it were non-static method, jvm

create object first then call main()
method.

=> (3) Creating object for main() will lead

the problem of extra memory allocation.
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STATIC BLOCK

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UNDERSTANDING FINAL

Declaring a variable as "final" prevents its

contents from being modified hence
forth.

We must initialize a final variable when it

is declared, itself.

Thus->
If you make any variable as final,
you cannot change the value of final
variable(It will be constant).
K. INDHU

FINAL VARIABLE EXAMPLE

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UNDERSTANDING FINAL
METHOD

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UNDERSTANDING FINAL CLASS

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UNDERSTANDING FINAL

Blank Final Variable is a final variable that is not initialized at

the time of declaration.

A blank final variable can be initialized only in constructor.

Once the blank final variable is initialized in constructor, it

can not be changed hence forth.

K. INDHU

SO FAR WE STUDIED
Methods:- Argument Passing into
Methods
Methods Returning Objects
Introducing Access Specifier-public,
private
Understanding static
Understanding final

K. INDHU

HAPPY
LEARNING!!!