Unit dan Dimensi

Anita Maya Sutedja,

S.TP., M.Si
Program Studi Teknologi Pangan
Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian
Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya
2015

A physical quantity must include:

Number +

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Unit

The International System of

Units (SI) - Base Unit
1.Unit of length (meter): The meter (m) is the length

equal to 1,650,763.73 wavelengths in vacuum of the

radiation corresponding to the transition between the
levels 2p 10 and 5d 5 of the krypton-86 atom.
2.Unit of mass (kilogram): The kilogram (kg) is equal to
the mass of the international prototype of the
kilogram. (The international prototype of the kilogram
is a particular cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy,
which is preserved in a vault at Svres, France, by
the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.)
3.Unit of time (second): The second (s) is the duration
of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation corresponding
to the transition between the two hyperfi ne levels of
Materi Kuliah Keteknikan Pangan I - Unit
the ground state
of the cesium-133 atom.
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The International System of Units (SI)

4. Unit of electric current (ampere): The ampere (A) is

the constant current that, if maintained in two straight

parallel conductorsof infi nite length, of negligible
circular cross-section, and placed 1 m apart in
vacuum, would produce between those conductors a
force equal to 2 10 7 newton per meter length.
5. Unit of thermodynamic temperature (Kelvin): The
Kelvin (K) is the fraction 1/273.16 of the
thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of
water.
6. Unit of amount of substance (mole): The mole (mol) is
the amount of substance of a system that contains as
many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012
kg of carbon 12.
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7. Unit of luminous
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intensity (candela): The candela (cd)
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Metric System

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Derived Units

1.Newton (N): The newton is the force that gives to a

mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m/s2.

2.Joule (J): The joule is the work done when due to force
of 1 N the point of application is displaced by a
distance of 1 m in the direction of the force.
3.Watt (W): The watt is the power that gives rise to the
production of energy at the rate of 1 J/s.
4.Volt (V): The volt is the difference of electric potential
between two points of a conducting wire carrying a
constant current of 1 A, when the power dissipated
between these points is equal to 1 W.
5.Ohm ( ): The ohm is the electric resistance between
two points of a conductor when a constant difference
of potential of 1 V, applied between theses two points,
produces in this
conductor
a current
of 1 A, when this
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conductor is not
being the source of any electromotive

Derived Units
6. Coulomb (C): The coulomb is the quantity of

electricity transported in 1 s by a current of 1 A.

7. Farad (F): The farad is the capacitance of a capacitor,
between the plates of which there appears a
difference of potential of 1 V when it is charged by a
quantity of electricity equal to 1 C.
8. Henry (H): The henry is the inductance of a closed
circuit in which an electromotive force of 1 V is
produced when the electric current in the circuit
varies uniformly at a rate of 1 A/s.
9. Weber (Wb): The weber is the magnetic flux that,
linking a circuit of one turn, produces in it an
electromotive force of 1 V as it is reduced to zero at a
uniform rate Materi
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Derived Unit
Derived Unit
hertz(Hz)
newton(N)
pascal(Pa)
joule(J)
watt(W)
coulomb(C)
volt(V)
farad(F)
ohm(omega)
siemens(S)
weber(Wb)
tesla(T)
henry(H)
degree

Measures

frequency
/s
force
kg(m/s2)
pressure
N/m2
energy or work
Nm
power
J/s
electric charge
As
electric potential
W/A
electric capacitance C/V
electric resistance V/A
electric conductanceA/V
magnetic flux
Vs
magnetic flux
Wb/m2
density
inductance
Wb/A
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temperature

Formal
Definition

Derivation

K - 273.15

s-1
kgms-2
kgm-1s-2
kgm2s-2
kgm2s-3
As
kgm2s-3A-1
kg-1m-2s4A2
kgm2s-3A-2
kg-1m-2s3A2
kgm2s-2A-1
kgs-2A-1
kgm2s-2A-2
K

Supplementary Units
1. Unit of plane angle (radian): The radian (rad) is

the plane angle between two radii of a circle that

cut off on the circumference an arc equal in
length to the radius
2. Unit of solid angle (steradian): The steradian (sr)
is the solid angle that, having its vertex in the
center of a sphere, cuts off an area of the
surface of the sphere equal to that of a square
with sides of length equal to the radius of the
sphere.
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SI Prefix Conversions

move right

move left

Prefix
mega-

Symbol
M

Factor
106

kilo-

103

BASE UNIT

---

100

deci-

10-1

centi-

10-2

milli-

10-3

micro-

10-6

nano-

10-9

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10-12
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Selected Prefixes Used in

Metric System

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SI Prefix Conversions
1. Find the difference between the exponents of
the two prefixes.
2. Move the decimal that many places.

To the left
or right?
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SI Prefix Conversions
532 m

NUMBER
UNIT

0.532 km
= _______

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NUMBER

UNIT
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U. S. Customary System (USCS)

Fundamental Dimensions:
Length = ft
Force = lbf
Time = s

Derived Dimensions:
Mass = slug = lbf*s2/ft = 32.174 lbm
Energy = ft*lbm
Power = ft*lbf/s
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Dimensional Analysis
Steps:

1. Identify starting & ending units.

2. Line up conversion factors so units cancel.
3. Multiply all top numbers & divide by each bottom
number.
4. Check units & answer.

g
cm
g
3
cm
3

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Dimensional Analysis:
Line Mole Method
Process to convert from one unit to another
How many milliliters are in 1.00 quart of milk?
qt

mL

1.00 qt

1L
1000 mL
= 946 mL
1.057 qt
1L

How many liters of water would fill a container that

measures 75.0 in3?

in3

1L
75.0 in3 (2.54 cm)3
= 1.23 L
3
3
1000
cm
(1
in)
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Water Tower Problem

Your home town is growing so rapidly that
another water tower is necessary to meet
the needs of the community. Civil and
environmental engineers predict that the
water tower will need to hold 1.00 x 10.06
kilograms of water. The engineers also
estimate the density of the water to be 999
kilograms per cubic meter.
If this tower is 50.0 meters high and
spherical, what volume (gal) of water will the
tower hold and what will the diameter (ft) of
the tower have to be?
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Diagram:
mass of water = 1.00 x 106 kg
density of water = 999 kg/m3

tower height = 50.0

volume of water (L) ?

diameter (ft) ?

Theory:

Volume of a sphere
diameter

3
3
2
3V
2 r
4

r3
www.algonquin.org/pw.htm

Assumptions:
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towerMateri
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Solution:
6
1.00
x10
kg
volume of water =

4
Volume of a sphere 3

volume of water =

r3

1 m3
999 kg

1000 L
1 m3

= 1.00 x 106 L

3
diameter 2 r 2 3 V
4

1.00 x 106 L 0.035315 ft3

1L

= 3.53 x 104 ft3

3.53 x 104 ft3

2
3 3
diameter 2 r
40.7 ft
4
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Conversion Degrees
Fahrenheit to or from
Degrees Celsius

To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit:

9 o
F C 32
5
o

To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius

5 o
C F 32
9
o

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Temperature Conversion

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Comparison of Temperature Scales

K:C:F=5:
5:9
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Pressure

be expressed as force per unit area

SI system the units are N/m2 = pascal (named after
Blaise Pascal 1)
Since the pascal unit is small in magnitude used: bar
1 bar = 105 Pa = 0.1MPa = 100 kPa
Zero pressure characterizes absolute vacuum.
absolute pressure = pressure is measured relative to
absolute vacuum
pressure measuring device such as a pressure gauge, it
is usually calibrated to read zero at one atmospheric
pressure
gauge pressure = pressure measured by a gauge
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Relationships between the

terms used to defi ne pressure

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Density
= mass per unit volume
SI unit for density = kg/m3
an indication of how matter is composed in a body.
more compact molecular arrangements have

higher densities
Density of a given substance may be divided by
density of water at the same temperature
specific gravity
three types of densities for foods:
1. solid density
2. particle density
= the presence of internal pores in the food
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Density
3.

bulk density
= the mass of particles occupied by a unit volume
of bed
accounts for the void space between the particles.
The void space in food materials can be described
by determining the porosity
The values depend on how the pore spaces present
in a food material are considered

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Moisture Content
the amount of water present in a moist sample
Two bases are widely used to express moisture

content:
Moisture content wet basis (MC wb) is the
amount of water per unit mass of moist (or
wet) sample

Moisture content dry basis (MC db) is the

amount of water per unit mass of dry solids

(bone dry) present in the sample
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Moisture Content
relationship between MC wb and MC db

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Teri
ma
Kasi

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