ENGINEERING TEAM

ENGINEERING TEAM
Specialist
Engineer

Typical activities
Conceptual

design

Research
Project

Planning
Product innovation
System development of technologist
Technicians and craftsmen

ENGINEERING TEAM

Specialists

Technologists

Typical activities
Routine

product development
Construction supervision
Technical sales
Hardware design and development
Coordination of workforce,
Materials, and equipment
Supervision to technicians and
craftsmen

ENGINEERING TEAM
Specialist
Technician

Typical activities
Drafting
Estimating
Field

inspections
Data collection
Surveying
Technical writing

ENGINEERING TEAM
Specialist
Craftsmen

Typical activities
Uses

hand and power

Tools to service,
Maintain, and operate machines or
products
Useful to the
Engineering team

DEFINITION OF ENGINEERING
the profession in which a knowledge of
mathematical and natural sciences
gained by study, experience, and
practice is applied with judgements to
develop ways to economically utilize the
materials and forces of nature for the
benefit of mankind.

DEFINITION OF TECHNOLOGY

The knowledge or use of the mechanical arts

and applied sciences
The science or study of the practical or
industrial arts, applied sciences
Method or process for the handling a specific
technical problem
The system by which a society provides its
members with those things needed or
desired.

Engineers

must be concerned not only on the

utilization of resources but also their conservation.
This

involves recycling and uses of existing materials,

pre-habitation instead of replacement of old facilities
and creative substitution of an abundant material for
one that is scarce.
Seeking

solutions that are energy efficient and

exploring new sources of energy to replace those that
are depleted.

FUNCTIONS OF ENGINEERING

1.Research
involves seeking new knowledge or a better understanding of
the significance and relationship of facts already know.
2.Development
involves making the discoveries and results of research
available in the form of useful products, methods and processes
3.Design
the process of converting concepts and information into detailed
plans and specifications from which a finished product or facility
can be manufactured and constructed.
4.Production
the industrial process by which products or articles are
manufactured from raw materials

5.Construction
the process of translating designs and materials into structures
and facilities such as buildings, highways, and power and
communication facilities.
6.Operations
the application of engineering principles or the performance of
practical work involves procuring supplies, maintaining plant and
directing personnel
7. Sales
technological industries often requires the services of trained
engineers to recommend the machines, tools, parts, or services to
best serve the customer needs
8. Management
responsible for the solution of problems of policy, finance,
organization, public relations and sales; responsible for the
selection and supervision of personnel and the coordination of
research, development, production, and all other department.

ENGINEERING FIELDS OF
SPECIALIZATION

Electrical engineering
Mechanical engineering
Civil engineering
Chemical engineering
Industrial engineering
Aerospace engineering
Agricultural engineering
Materials engineering
Other branches of engineering

Electrical Engineering
The

largest of all engineering branches

Concerned with:
electrical devices
currents
and systems
Electrical engineers work with equipment ranging
from
heavy power generators to tiny computer chips.
Their work contribute to almost every sector of
society.
Electrical appliances for homes,
Electronic displays for business,
Laser for industry
And satellite systems for government and

Six specialty areas of

electrical engineering

Power

generation and transmission

Electronics
Computers
Communication system
Instrumentation and measurement
Automatic control

1.

2.

Power generation and transmission

Responsible for the generation, transmission and
distribution of electric power. Electrical engineer
locate hydroelectric, steam, diesel engine, and
nuclear power plants and specify the engines,
generator and auxiliary equipment for these
plants
Electronics
This field deals with behavior and effects of
electrons
Electronics engineer design efficient circuits
using variety of electric elements that can
produce, amplify, detect, or rectify electrical
signals
Electronic has applications in communication,
power, transportation, medicine, and many other

3. Computer
Electrical engineers
- apply electrical and mechanical principles to design and
construct
electronic computer
- perform research in computer circuit to develop new
methods of
data processing and storage, and seek new ways to apply
computers
to various types of data-processing problems
4. Communications systems
Electrical engineer
- use their knowledge of wave propagation, electromagnetic
theory,
and electronic principles of design, radio, telephone,
television, and
satellite communication system.
5. Instrumentation and measurement

6. Automatic control
In this field electrical engineer employ the
concept of feedback control to automatic
operation and processes.
Such systems compare a measured quantity
(e.g. Temperature, pressure, etc) to a desired
standard and automatically make appropriate
adjustments to the mechanism or system to
minimize any difference between the measured
and the desired quantity or property.

Mechanical Engineering
The oldest and broadest areas of engineering activity.
Concerned with:
machinery, power and manufacturing or production
methods.
1. Design and manufacture machine tools the
machines
2. that make machines and machinery and
equipment of
3. all branches of industry.

Mechanical Engineer Design

Turbines
Printing presses
Earth moving machinery
Food processor
Air conditioning and refrigeration system
Artificial hearts and limbs
Engines for aircrafts
Diesel locomotives
Automobiles and trucks
Public transportation vehicles
Their machines move lift loads, transport people and
goods and produce energy and convert it to other
forms.

In power specialty
Mechanical engineers are involved in
The design and production and operation of
hydraulic turbines for driving electric generators
and of boilers, engines, turbines, and pumps for
the development of steam power.
They design and operate power plants are
concerned themselves with the economical
combustion of fuels, the conversion of heat
energy into mechanical power and the use of
that power to perform useful work.

The heating, ventilation and air conditioned

system
Mechanical engineers are provided with
controlled conditions of temperature and humidity
in homes, offices, commercial buildings and
industrial plants.
They develop equipment and systems needed for
the refrigeration of foods and the operation of cold
storage warehouse and ice manufacturing plants.
In production
Mechanical engineers
work closely with industrial engineers and
managers in many fields of manufacturing,
designing imaginative machinery and systems that

In Marine engineering
mechanical engineers
design machinery for boats, naval vessels and
merchants ships
In the automotive industry
mechanical engineers
design and manufacturing automobiles, truck and
buses
In the aerospace industry
mechanical engineers
design new aircraft and spacecraft.

CivilEngineering
affects many of our daily activities:
the building that we live in and
work in
the transportation facilities we use
the water we drink
the drainage and sewerage
systems that
are necessary to our health and
well
being.

Civil engineers :
Measure

and map the earths surface

Design and supervise the construction of bridges,
tunnels, large buildings dams, and the coastal
structures
Plan, layout, construct, and maintain railroads,
highways and airports
Devise systems for the control and efficient flow
of traffic
Plan and build river regulation and flood control
projects
Provide plants and systems for water supply and

The branches of Civil Engineering

Structural engineering
Largest specialty within civil engineering
Concerned with:
the design of large building, bridges, tanks,
towers, dams and other structures
Civil engineers
design and select appropriate structure
components (e.g. beams, column, and slabs)
and systems to provide adequate strength,
stability and durability.

Construction engineering and management

Utilize and manage the resources of
construction (the vehicles, equipment, machines,
materials, and skilled-workers) to produce with
timeliness and efficiency the structure or the
facility envisioned by the designer
Transportation engineering
concerned with:
the planning and layout of highways,
airports,
harbors and ports and mass transportation
systems.
plan and design transportation terminals and

Geotechnical engineering
concerned with:
the structural behavior of soil and rock.
They
analyze earth support systems and design
foundations, earth walls and highways and
airport
pavement
Hydraulic and water resource engineering
concerned with:
the flow of water through ditches, conduit,
canals
dams, and estuaries the special knowledge
of fluid

Environmental engineering
concerned with
solid waste management, air and water
pollution,
and control of pesticides and radiological
hazards.
they design and oversee the operation of
water
treatment and sewage treatment plants and
measure and monitor pollutants in the air, on
land
and in lakes and streams
Geodetic engineering

Aerospace Engineering
Concerned

with:
All aspect of vehicular flight at all speed and
altitudes
Aeronautical engineering
the engineering of atmospheric flight
Covers all phases of research, design, and
development including overcraft designed to
operate a few feet above land and water helicopters
that hover in all directions
A variety of conventional airplanes complex
spacecraft for orbiting the earth and exploring the

Structural design
Design and build aircraft systems that can be
operated economically maximizing the vehicles
strength to the weight ratio
Study the response of aircraft structures to
mechanical
Vibration and other dynamic forces design
structures capable of withstanding these forces
Propulsion systems,
Develop and refine propulsion systems for aircraft
and space craft

Guidance and control

Develop instruments for conventional aircraft
that provide information directly to the pilot or
automatically navigate, maneuver or control the
aircraft
Develop systems that guide and control the
trajectories of missiles.

Involves

AgriculturalEngineering

the application of engineering principles,

machines, materials, and energy to the production and
processing of agricultural products.
Agricultural engineers:
Design and improve agricultural equipment such as
tractors, fertilizer spreader, loaders, harvesters and animal
feeding system
Devise mechanical systems for the handling and
processing of food products
Design and develop storage structures for farms products
and housing of poultry, cattle, and other farm products
Develop and apply improved methods for irrigation,
drainage, erosion control and land and water management.

IndustrialEngineering
The

design, improvement and installation of

integrated systems of people, materials and
energy in the production of either goods or
services.
They deal with and motivate people in finding
workable, effective solutions to production
problems while retaining high standards of
quality
Primarily interested in problems that involve
economy in the use of money, materials, time,
human effort, and energy
Concerned with the big picture of industrial
management and production that detailed
development of processes.

Activities of industrial engineer fall into one

of these categories
Those

related to plant layout involves

determining the floor space needed for each
production component, equipment, and materials
handling and storage
And arranging and sequencing the various
operations to insure smooth, and efficient
operation
The designed to increase worker productivity
perform time and motion studies of workers, set
standards of work performance, and propose new
and improved work methods to increase
productivity.

Those designed to control the quality of products

employ

quality control techniques to reduce

waste and customer complaints
use statistical procedure to establish
reasonable tolerances in quality and develop
procedures for making routine checks of product
quality
Those designed to reduce and control costs
monitor

costs of production and seek ways to

reduce costs without compromising product
quality.

ChemicalEngineering
Involves

the application of chemistry, physics

and engineering to the design and operation of
plants for the production of materials that
undergo chemicals changes during
manufacturing.
e.g of such materials as paints, lubricants,
fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics,
petroleum products, foods, metals, plastics,
ceramics and glass

Chemical engineering are responsible for

creating

systems for producing large quantities of

materials that chemist make in small quantities in
the laboratory
electing appropriate processes and arrange them
in proper sequence to produce the desired product
including:
Heat transfer processes
Mass transfer processes such as absorption,
humidification and drying
processes that involve mechanical
action
such as mixing, crushing,
grinding, sizing and
filtering
processes that involve chemical reaction including

Materials Engineering
Refers to a group of engineering specialists that
are concerned with the development,
production, fabrication and these of materials in
specific technologies
Metallurgical engineering
concerned with the production of metals form
ores and the development of metallic alloys

Mining engineering
exploration, location, development and
operation of mines of extracting coal, metallic
ores such as copper and zinc and other
materials

Petroleum engineering
exploration, extraction,storage and
transportation of crude petroleum and natural
gas.

OtherBranchesofEngineering
Architectural engineers
Work closely with architects to plan design and
build large structures
Biomedical engineers
Work closely with medical and biological
specialists to develop prosthetic devices and
instruments for the diagnosis and treatment of
diseases.
Oceanographic engineers
Work closely with scientist to explore and study
the oceans and to develop ways to utilize them
for human benefit

Operations researchers and systems

engineers
Apply advances mathematical and computerbased techniques such as linear programming,
queing theory and simulation to quantitatively
predict the behavior of large systems
Nuclear engineers
Apply scientific and engineering principles to
design, development and use of nuclear power
systems
Textile engineers
Concerned with the planning, design, and
operation of manufacturing plants in the textiles

Plastic engineering
The formulation, manufacture and application of
materials e.g polymers that permanently deform
under stress
Ceramic engineering
Deals with products manufactured or used high
temperatures (above 1000F) and the physical
and chemical processes used in the
manufacture.

CONCLUSION
Engineering

has evolved and developed as a

practical art and a profession for more than 50
centuries of recorded history
It progressed parallels to the progress of
mankind.
Historical studies of engineering teach us
respect for the past and its achievements
They help us to view the present in light of the
past - to perceive clearly the trends and
evaluate the reasons for the great changes that
have punctuated human progress