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Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
BACKGROUND OF THE
CONFLICT
HISTORY
1960s: Guerrilla groups emerged.
1970's:
Grower
marijuana.
and
exporter
of
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
History of the Conflict
HISTORY
1993 : Pablo Escobar was killed. Large
syndicates are replaced by smaller,
more vertically integrated trafficking
organizations.
Between 1995 - 1999: Colombian coca
cultivation increased from 178,000 acres
to 370,000 acres. Decrease since then.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
History of the Conflict
HISTORY
1995 - 2005: The guerrilla fills in the
void left when the leaders of the cartels
disappear from the scene
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
History of the Conflict
GUERRILLA
GROUPS
FARC: Revolutionary Armed Forces of
Colombia.
Approx. 20.000 men, women and
children.
ELN: National Liberation Army.
Less than 5.000 members.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Actors Involved
FARC
The largest guerrilla group in Colombia.
Established
in
revolutionary
1964,
state
fights
based
on
for
Marxist-
Leninist principles.
Influential
in
Colombias
south-west
Region.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Actors Involved
ELN
A Marxist guerrilla group set up in 1964.
Its
short-term
goal
is
to
establish
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Actors Involved
PARAMILITARY FORCE
Paramilitary groups. In response to years
of guerrilla and drug violence in Colombia,
Paramilitary groups emerged. Less than
15.000 members.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Actors Involved
AUC
A umbrella organisation comprised of
several
regional
paramilitary
groups,
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Actors Involved
DRUG TRADE
Ideal climate and growing conditions.
Availability of vast under-populated
frontier land.
Eastern and southern
regions of the country.
Strategic location near to U.S. markets
(Colombia is less than 3 hrs away from the
U.S).
Armed groups support the business.
.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Underlying Causes of the
DRUG
PRODUCTION
Problem:
Colombia is still the largest producer of
cocaine in the world.
Cultivated mostly in the southern area.
2% of the countrys population lives there.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Underlying Causes of the
DRUG TRADE
SOURCE: UNDOF
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Drug Trade
DRUG
CONSUMPTION
North America and Europe are the major
drug consumers.
An estimated 0.5% or less of drug
production stays in Colombia.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Drug Trade
DRUG TRADE
SOURCE: UNDOF
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Drug Trade
DRUG TRADE
SOURCE: UNDOF
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Drug Trade
CURRENT STATUS OF
COLOMBIA
ECONOMY
Source of potential instability for Latin
America
Potential damage of market relations
with other countries. (Colombia has solid
Exports)
Agricultural sector is strongly hit
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Current Status of the Conflict
ECONOMY
Holdback foreign investment
Tourism sector is affected
Oil sources are threatened
Brain drain. About 5 million Colombians
live abroad.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Current Status of the Conflict
ENVIRONMENT
Damage in the Amazons environment.
Jungles destroyed by the cultivation of
coca and the millions of gallons of toxic
chemicals (Amazon River).
Over the last 15 years, the drug business
dumped 900,000 tons of toxic waste into
the fragile rain forest eco-system.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Current Status of the Conflict
ENVIRONMENT
The Amazon Basin is under threat from
the continued cultivation of coca. The
sowing of one hectare of coca requires the
felling of 3 hectares of virgin forest.
In the last ten years, 1,361,475 hectares
have been deforested in this way.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Current Status of the Conflict
ENVIRONMENT
Natural Reserves threaten by guerrilla
groups: In the northern region of the
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, some
40,000 indigenous people (Wiwas, Koguis,
Kankuamos and Arhuacos) are struggling
to survive and defend their culture.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Current Status of the Conflict
GOVERNMENT
Local and national elections threaten
Kidnapping of politicians.
Guerrillas want to control rural areas.
Press freedom is restricted.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Current Status of the Conflict
SOCIETY
About 1000 Colombians lose their lives
every year.
Displaced people (last 9 years): 3 million.
Children comprise approximately half of
the internally displaced population.
Human Rights Watch conservatively
estimates that there are 11,000 children in
the armed groups in Colombia.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Current Status of the Conflict
SOCIETY
Indigenous groups in Colombia are in
danger of disappearing amid the country's
continuing conflict.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Current Status of the Conflict
LOCAL MEASURES
Colombia spends about US 1 billion
annually on its struggle against drugs.
Strength of military presence in rural
areas.
Alvaro Uribes Administration: Democratic
Security Policy and Justice and Peace Law.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Reaction to the Conflict
4,10%
4,02%
4,0%
3,5%
3,41%
3,19%
3,17%
3,0%
3,58%
2,68%
2,5%
2,11%
2,0%
1,5%
3,33%
1,85%
1,64%
1,0%
0,5%
2006*
2005*
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
0,0%
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Reaction to the Conflict
LOCAL MEASURES
Colombia spends about US 1 billion
annually on its struggle against drugs.
Strength of military presence in rural
areas.
International Cooperation: USA and
European Union support.
Alvaro Uribes Administration: Democratic
Security Policy and Justice and Peace Law.
.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Reaction to the Conflict
Democratic Security
Policy
Long term State policy, focused on
the strengthening of the rule of law
in all the Colombian territory and on
the protection of the rights and
liberties of the civil population. This
policy compromises the State and
the whole society.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Reaction to the Conflict
Democratic
Security Policy
Four strategic objectives:
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Reaction to the Conflict
Democratic
Security Policy
International Cooperation:
European Union support.
USA
and
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
Reaction to the Conflict
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
History of the Conflict
RESULTS
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
History of the Conflict
RESULTS
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
History of the Conflict
RESULTS
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
History of the Conflict
RESULTS
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
History of the Conflict
RESULTS
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
History of the Conflict
RESULTS
IT IS NOT THE BEGINNING OF A
MORE
VIOLENT
ERA
IN
COLOMBIA, IT IS THE BEGINNING
OF THE DISARMAMENT OF THE
ILLEGAL
GROUPS,
THE
RECOVERY OF THE COUNTRY
AND
ITS
ECONOMY,
THE
INITIATION OF A DIALOGUE WITH
GUERRILLAS
AND
THE
RESTORATION OF THE ORDER.
.
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
CONFLICT
History of the Conflict
RESULTS
THE SUPPORT OF THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS
NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT
POLITICAL MEASURES.
COLOMBIA ALSO NEEDS
ASSISTANCE IN FACILITATING
THE REINTEGRATION OF
DEMOBILIZED PERSONS TO CIVIL
SOCIETY AND GREATER
SUPPORT IN HELPING THE
COLOMBIAN INTRA-STATE
VICTIMS OF THE CONFLICT
CONFLICT