CAPE UNIT 2

BIOLOGY
Health and
Disease
Presented by:
Mrs. Gibson-Miller
September 10, 2015

WHAT IS HEALTH?

Health is defined as physical, mental, and

social well-being- not merely the absence of
disease.

WHAT IS DISEASE?

Disease can be described literally as

lack of ease,
or a physiological disturbance that threatens
well-being.

A named disease is a specific set of structural

or functional abnormalities, as defined by
characteristic signs and symptoms.

TYPES OF DISEASES

Diseases can be classified into several

categories:
Communicable/pathogenic/infectious
Deficiency
Hereditary (or genetic)
Social
Mental
Physiological

Degenerative

Self-inflicted
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TYPES OF DISEASES

Diseases overlap.

All diseases fit under the broad umbrellas:

Physical, Mental or Social (or a combination)

Some diseases are multifactorial (having a number

of causes).
Eg. Lung Cancer can be categorized as:
Physical
Social
Non-Infectious
Self-inflicted
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COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Communicable or Pathogenic diseases are caused

by pathogens which are mostlymicroscopic.

Pathogens include: bacteria,viruses,protozoa

andfungi.

Pathogens thrive in various places such as:

air,dust,surfaces,soil,etc.
Chicken pox
Ring Worm
Scabies
Conjunctivits (Pink Eye)
HIV
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DEFICIENCY DISEASES

A deficiencydiseaseis caused by a deficiency

of vital nutrients in the diet, especially a
mineral or vitamin.

Thediseasecould be as a result of an
insufficient intake of nutrients, their
digestion, their absorption or their utilization
within the body.
Kwashiorkor
Scurvy
Rickets
Osteo-arthritis
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HEREDITARY DISEASES

Hereditary diseases orgenetic disordersare

caused by an abnormality in a person's
genome or genetic material.

It is adiseasethat is passed down through

several generations within the same
family and is transmitted from a parent
to their child.
Cleft

palate
Sickle cell

PHYSIOLOGICAL DISEASES

A physiologicaldiseaseis when the normal

working of a person's body is being affected
because the organs are malfunctioning or the
structures of the cells have changed over time,
causing illness.
Diabetes
Hypertension
High

Cholesterol
Cancer
Influenza
Rheumatoid Arthritis
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ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES

Diseases are also classified based on the

duration of affecting the individual.

Chronic disease illness with slow onset that

lasts for a long time.
Eg. Chronic bronchitis
Acute disease illness with rapid onset that
lasts for a short time
Eg. Dengue fever
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HOMEWORK

Create a table in your notebooks to show the

different groups of diseases according to
method of spread.

Category:

Name
Cause
of
Disease

Method Signs and

of
Symptoms
Spread

Type of
Vaccination

Egs.
Viral diseases
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Protozoic diseases

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REFERENCES
Britannica.com (2013) Nutritional disease. Retrieved on
October 10, 2013 from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/422916/nut
ritional-disease
Patton, K. T. & Thibodeau, G.A. (2012). The human body in
health and diseases, (6th Ed). Montana: Elsevier.
Princeton.edu (n.d.). Diseases. Retrieved on October 9, 2013
from
http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs
/Disease.html
Science.Blurtit.com (n.d.) What Are Pathogenic,
Deficiency,hereditary,and Physiological Diseases?
Retreived from http://science.blurtit.com/1131732/whatare-pathogenic-deficiencyhereditaryand-physiologicaldiseases
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