Cloud Computing

Advisor： Cho-Chin Lin

Student ： Chien-Chen Lai

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Outline
 Grid Introduction
 Cloud Computing

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Outline
 Grid Introduction
 Cloud Computing

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What is a Grid?
 Name “Grid” chosen by analogy with electric power grid.
(Foster and Kesselman 1997)
 Vision: plug-in computer for processing power just like
plugging in toaster for electricity.
 Concept has been around for decades
(distributed computing, metacomputing)
 Key difference with the Grid is to realise the vision on a
global scale.

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What is a Grid?
 “A computational grid is a hardware and software
infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent,
pervasive and inexpensive access to high-end
computational capabilities”
Ian Foster & Carl Kesselman, 1998

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 Grid architecture
 Network Layer

 Resource Layer

 Middleware Layer

 Application Layer

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 Grid middleware
 The Grid relies on advanced
software, called middleware,
which interfaces between
resources and the applications
 Middleware automatically finds
the data the scientist needs,
and the computing power to
analyse it
 Middleware balances the load
on different resources. It also
handles security, accounting,
monitoring and much more

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 Grid middleware
 The Grid middleware:
– Basic services
 Secure and effective access
to resources
– High level services
 Optimal use of resources
 Authentication to the different
sites that are used
 Job execution & monitoring of
progress
 Problem recovery
 Transfer of results back to the
user

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Outline
 Grid Introduction
 Cloud Computing

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Cloud Computing
 The interesting thing about Cloud Computing is that
we’ve redefined Cloud Computing to include everything
that we already do. . . . I don’t understand what we would
do differently in the light of Cloud Computing other than
change the wording of some of our ads.

Oracle’s CEO
Larry Ellison,
quoted in the Wall Street Journal, September 26, 2008

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Cloud Computing
 A lot of people are jumping on the [cloud] bandwagon,
but I have not heard two people say the same thing
about it. There are multiple definitions out there of “the
cloud.”

Hewlett-Packard’s Vice President of European Software Sales

Andy Isherwood,
quoted in ZDnet News, December 11, 2008

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Why Now, Not Then?
 New Technology Trends and Business Models
-Web 2.0
-PayPal
-Google AdSense
-AmazonWeb Services
 New Application Opportunities
-mobile applications
-Parallel batch processing.

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Cloud Computing
 Cloud Computing refers to both the applications
delivered as services over the Internet and the hardware
and systems software in the datacenters that provide
those services.
 The services themselves have long been referred to as
Software as a Service (SaaS).

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Cloud Computing architecture

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Top 10 Obstacles and
Opportunities for Cloud Computing
 1.Availability of a Service
 2.Data Lock-In
 3. Data Confidentiality and Auditability
 4. Data Transfer Bottlenecks
 5. Performance Unpredictability

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Top 10 Obstacles and
Opportunities for Cloud Computing
 6.Scalable Storage
 7.Bugs in Large-Scale Distributed Systems
 8.Scaling Quickly
 9. Reputation Fate Sharing
 10. Software Licensing

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