PANCREAS ANATOMY

esophagus

stomach

ductus choledocus

pancreas

duodenum

duct of
Santorini

duct of
Wirsung

PANCREATIC SECRETIONS
1. PROTEASES (70%)
Endopeptidases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastases)
Exopeptidases (carboxypeptidases)

trypsinogen

trypsin

activates all other precursors

enterokinase
(duct walls)
2. NUCLEASES (DNAase, RNAase)
3. PANCREATIC AMYLASE (hydrolyse starch and gl;ycogen)
4. PANCREATIC LIPASE (triglycerides

fatty acids and glycerol)

REGULATION OF SECRETION
1. SECRETIN
food in
stomach

release of
stomach acid
into duodenum

release of secretin
into blood by
duodenal cells

secretion of
bicarbonate
by duct cells

alkaline pH
(ideal for
pancreatic enzymes)

2. PANCREOZYMIN (cholecystokinen)
amino acids and
fats in intestine

release of pancreozymin
by intestinal mucosa
into blood

relase of pancreatic enzymes

into the intestine

3. GASTRIN
food in stomach

gastrin secretion
by stomach mucosa

4. AUTONOMIC INNERVATION (vagus nerve)

release of pancreatic enzymes

into the intestine

PANCREAS (PANORAMIC)

islet of
Langerhans
pancreatic acini

islet of
Langerhans

pancreatic lobe

BV

PANCREATIC SECRETORY DUCTS

LARGE SECRETORY DUCT

INTERLOBULAR DUCT

simple
cuboidal
epithelium
acinus
simple
columnar
epithelium

EXOCRINE PANCREAS
pyramidal
secretory
basal basophilia
cell
(rough ER)

acinus

merocrine secretion
(exocytosis)
zymogen
granules
centroacinar
cells

blood
vessel

condensing
vacuoles

golgi
vesicles

intercalated
duct
rough
endoplasmic
reticulum

nerve

interlobular
duct

zymogen
granules

golgi
apparatus

INTERCALARY DUCTS AND CENTROACINAR CELLS

intercalary duct
centroacinar
cell

intercalary
duct

PANCREATIC EXOCRINE SECRETORY CELL

zymogen
granules

centroacinar
cell

CELL BIOLOGY OF PANCREATIC SECRETION

1. SYNTHESIS

2. SEGREGATION

14

C -leucine + tRNA

mRNA for

chymotrysinogen

14

C-amino-acyl tRNA

ribosomes
mRNA

ribosomes

polypeptide

chymotrysinogen
RER cisterna

6. DISCHARGE

3. INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT

exocytosis

RER

transitional
elements
5. INTRACELLULAR
STORAGE
zymogen
granules

4. CONCENTRATION

golgi
apparatus

H2O
H2O

condensing vacuoles

golgi vesicles

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN CELL SECRETION

1. SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONATION
(grind and find)

2. RADIOAUTOGRAPHY
(cook and look)
developed silver grains

density
gradient
centrifugation

photographic
emulsion

vesicles
microsomes
(RER)
golgi
condensing
vacuoles
zymogen
granules

ultrathin
section
pancreatic
acinar cell

(3 mins)

cpm
14
C
leucine

(7 mins)
cpm
C
leucine

cpm
C
leucine

14

RER golgi

cond

zymogen

(80 mins)
14

RER golgi

pulse chase

cond zymogen

RER golgi

cond

zymogen

ISLET OF LANGERHANS
alpha cell
(glucagon)

vascular pole
(secretion by exocytosis)

acinus
beta cell

beta
cell
(insulin)
fenestrated
capillary

blood
capillary
INSULIN- increases membrane
permeability to glucose
GLUCAGON - promotes glycogenolysis

promotes glycogenesis

decrease blood glucose levels

increases blood glucose levels

ANTAGONISTIC HORMONES

alpha
cell

ISLET OF LANGERHANS

ISLET OF LANGERHANS - TEM

STAINED ALPHA AND BETA CELLS

ALPHA CELLS

BETA CELLS