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APPLICATIONS OF
LOGARITHMIC UNITS
BY- B. B. KHANNA
What is a decibel?
where x is
unitless
Why unitless parameter?
Ans. Many values are unitless, such as ratios and
coefficients
For example, amplifier gain is unitless
value!
e.g. amplifier gain is the ratio of the output
power to the input power:
Value of dB indicates:
1)
+ve dB = P2 > P1
2)
3)
0 dB= P2 = P1
Standard dB values
10 log10 (10) = 10 dB
G= 10n
G (dB) = 10n
STANDARD
REFERENCE LEVELS
USED IN
BROADCASTING
dBw
i.e., power is normalized w.r.t 1 W of power
used when amount of power involved is
high
e.g. if P= 100 W
Then, P(dBw) = +20 dBw
Or P= 1mW
Then P (dBw)= -30 dBw
dBm
P(dBm) = 0 dBm
dBu
0.7746 volts is reference level (need not be
measured across 600 ohms)
In AIR and DD : used in Meltron/ Keltron
Audio Consoles
dBv
dBv/m
When reference level is 1 v/m
Unit is used in field strength measurements
dBk
When 1 kW is used as reference level
Used in high power calculation
To convert power in watts to dBk,
dBk= 10 (log P - 3)
To convert from dBk to watts,
P(watts)= antilog (dBk/10 + 3)
EXAMPLES
Question 1
Find gain of amplifier which delivers output
power of 5 watts to its load when given an
input power of 5 milliwatts
Solution 1
Question 2
The power supplied to a sound programme
line is 6 mW. The power at the receiving end
is 6 mW.
What is line attenuation?
Log 2= 0.3010
Log 6= 0.7781
Solution 2
Question 3
The input and output impedance of an
amplifier are equal. A tone signal of 0.1 V
produces an output voltage of 50 V. What is
gain of amplifier in dB
Log 5= 0.698
Solution 3
Question 4
Solution 4
QUESTION 5
Solution 5
P1= 6 dBm
=4 mW
P2= 10 dBm
= 10 mW
PT= P1 + P2
= 4 mW + 10 mW
= 14 mW
PT(dBm)= 11.46 dBm