Chapter 3

Locating Places
and Telling time on Earth

Latitude

Longitude

Longitude
Lines of longitude, or meridians,
circle the earth from north to south.
These lines divide the earth into east
and west sections.
The prime meridian is a line of
longitude. It divides the earth into
east and west hemispheres (halves).
The prime meridian has a longitude
of 00 It passes through Greenwich,
England.
Lines of longitude are numbered
from 0 to 180 degrees east or west.
A location is referenced as east or
west relative to the prime meridian.

Latitude

Lines of latitude, or parallels,

circle the earth from east to
west. These lines divide the
earth into north and south
sections.
The equator is a line of
latitude. It divides the earth
into north and south
hemispheres (halves). The
equator has a latitude of 0o.
Lines of latitude are
numbered from 0 to 90
degrees north or south.
A location is referenced as
north or south relative to the
equator.

NORTH

Arctic Circle 66.33o

Tropic of Cancer 23.5o
EQUATOR 00
Tropic of Capricorn 23.5o
Antarctic Circle 66.3o
SOUTH

Locating Places
Each latitude and
longitude is 15o away
from each other.
Latitude = N or S
Longitude = E or W
1o = 70 miles

= 112 km

= 60 min
When writing a
location's latitude and
longitude, always list
latitude first!

N
60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60

60
600 N,300 E
45
450 N,300 W
30
300 N,150 E
15
0W
E
15 0 Lat,450 W
30
300 S,450 E
45
300 S,0 Long
60

600 S,450 W

Give the Direction

122

51

15

123
30

45

60

43

60

45

30

15

65 60

15

45

30

30

45

15

52 60

42

51 15 S,122 30 E
0

SE

64

64030 N,420 15 W

NW

1 degree = 60 minutes

1
0

2
15

30 45

60

0
15

3015 S,10 30 E

30
45
60

3045 S,20 00E

3
60
60
45

2
45

30

15

4045 N,20 15 W

30
15
0

4015 N,20 45 W

 When writing a location's latitude and

longitude, always list latitude first!

50

15 30 45

51

12

23

15 30 45

24

45
15

30

13
12015 S,500 30 E

15

15

45

45 30

45

30

30

45

15

8 30 S,6 15 W
0

44
44015 N,230 45 E

Determine the location of the point.

15 15 30 45 16
75
45

39
45

30

74 45 N,15 30 E
0

150
52

149
15 30 45

4645

45015 S,380 30 W

79
67

15

45

30

30

53
45

38

15

30

7415

45 30 15

52015 S,1490 45 W

78
45 30 15

66

15 66015 N,780 15 W

Plot the points.

88o3000 S, 133o1500E

133
134
88

55o4500N, 23o1500W

24 45 30 15 23
56
45
30
15

89

55

48o1500N, 162o4500E

162
163
49

61o1500S, 90o4500W

91 45 30 15 90
61
15
30

48

45

62

Determining Distance from a Point

Latitude N or S
Longitude E or W
Prime Meridian

Equator

Determine the distance

1. 88o3000 S, 133o1500E
A. Equator (mi) =
B. Prime Meridian (Km) =
C. Tropic of Cancer (mi)
D. 180 long

2. 55o4500N, 23o1500W
A. Equator (km) =
B. Prime Meridian (mi)
C. Tropic of Capricorn (km)
D. 46o45E

 4. 61o1500S,
3. 48o1500N,
90o4500W
162o4500E
A. Tropic of Cancer A. Tropic of Capricorn
(km) =
(mi)
B. Arctic Circle (Km)

C. Antarctic circle
(mi)
D. Equator Mi
E. Tropic of Capricorn

B. Antarctic circle (mi)

=

C. Arctic Circle = (mi)

D. 123o15W
E. 45o45E

Determining Distance

Prime Meridian

Equator

Problem Solving
Place Z is located
at 600 north. How
far in miles is
place Z
1. to the North
Pole?
2. from the Tropic
of Cancer?
3. to the Arctic
Circle?

Give the exact latitude

or longitude of the
following places:
1. 1,190 miles north of
the equator
2. 1050 miles east of
the Prime Meridian
3. 1,155 miles south
of the equator
4. 1750 miles west of
the Prime Meridian

Sidereal Days and Solar Days

The sidereal day is defined to be the length of time for
the vernal equinox to return to your celestial meridian.
The solar day is defined to be the length of time for the
Sun to return to your celestial meridian.
The two are not the same, as illustrated in the following
animation.

 Because the Earth is in motion on its orbit around the

Sun in the course of a day, the Earth must turn about 4
minutes longer each day (3 minutes and 56 seconds, to
be exact) to bring the Sun back to the celestial meridian
than to bring the vernal equinox back to the celestial
meridian.
Thus, the solar day is 3 minutes and 56 seconds longer
than the sidereal day.
It is this almost 4 minute per day discrepancy that
causes the difference in sidereal and solar time.

Time Zone

Universal Time
Like most other
astronomical
calculations, scientific
predictions are usually
presented in terms of
Universal Time.
In order to convert
predictions from UT to
local time, you need
to know what time
zone you are in.

International Date Line

The International Date
Line is an irregular line
drawn on the map of the
Pacific Ocean, near, and
in many places coincident
with, the 180th meridian.
It marks the place where
navigators change their
date by one day on a
transpacific voyage.
East of the line it is one
day earlier than to the
west.

The conversion from UT to local

time in US is as follows:
Atlantic Standard Time 60 (AST)
= UT - 4 hours
Eastern Standard Time 75 (EST)
= UT - 5 hours
Central Standard Time 90 (CST)
= UT - 6 hours
Mountain Standard Time 105
(MST) = UT - 7 hours
Pacific Standard Time 120 (PST)
= UT - 8 hours
If daylight savings is in effect in
the time zone, you must ADD one
hour to the above standard times.
June - DST

Sample Problem: Let's

assume that an eclipse begins
in Los Angeles, CA on June 20
at 20:25 UT. Los Angeles is in
the , so:
Local Time = 20:25 - 8 hours =
12:25 (= 12:25 pm)
But since Los Angeles
observes we must ADD one
more hour to the above time.
So the eclipse will begin at
13:25 (= 1:25 pm) local time.

Time Zone Chart

Problem 1
The local time at 750 W is 10
hrs, Calc the time at
A. 0
=
B. 1200 W =
C. 900 E
=
D. 1500 W =
E. 1200 E =
F. 600 W
G. 300 E =
H. 1800

A. 15 hrs

B. 7 hrs
C. 21 hrs
D. 5 hrs
E. 23 hrs
F. 11 hrs
G. 17 hrs
H. 3 hrs

Problem 2
The local time at 1050 E is 12
hrs and 25 min, Sept 19,2006.
Determine the time and date
on the following places:

A. 1650 E
B. Greenwich, England
C. 450 E
D. 900 W
E. 600 W
F. 1800
G. 750 W
H. 300 E
I. 1500 W

A. 16:25, Sept. 19
B. 5:25, Sept 19
C. 8:25, Sept 19
D. 23:25, Sept 18
E. 1:25, Sept 19
F. 17:25, Sept 18
G. 24:25, Sept 19
H. 7:25, Sept 19
I. 19:25, Sept 18

Problem 3
The local time at 450 W is 16
hrs and 5 min, Sept 22,2006.
Determine the time and date
on the following places:
A. Universal time A. 19:05, Sept. 22
B. 1200 W
B. 11:05, Sept 22
C. 450 E
C. 22:05, Sept 22
D. 1500 W
D. 9:05, Sept 22
E. 1050 E
E. 2:05, Sept 23
F. 1800
F. 7:05, Sept 22
G. 750 E
G. 24:05, Sept 23
H. 1650 E
H. 6:05, Sept 23

PROBLEM 4

The last Islamic terrorist action on

American soil was the bombing of
WTC last 9-11-2001. If the attack
happens at around 9:05 AM UT, at
what time did the bombing occur
on the following places?
A. 60o E
B. 120o W
C. 120o E
D. 60o W
E. 1650 E
F. 1650 W
G. 1800
H. 300 E
I. 900 W

A. 13:05, 9/11
B. 1:05, 9/11
C. 17:05, 9/11
D. 5:05, 9/11
E. 20:05, 9/11
F. 22:05, 9/10
G. 21:05. 9/10
H. 11:05, 9/11
I. 3:05, 9/11

Problem 5
The Shoemaker Levy 9
comet hits Jupiter last
July 16, 1994. If the
delayed telecast will be
shown nationwide at
0730 hrs. UT, determine
the time that the said
event will be shown on
the different places.
A. EST =
B. 139o1500 E =
C. 82o4500 W =
D. 5803000 E =
E. 142o4500 W =
F. 16003000 E =
G. 11201500 W =

Problem 6

A total solar eclipse

will occur on Dec 24 at
1530 hrs GMT in the
southern part of the
earth.
A. What is the local time
if the eclipse would be
observed on the
following places?
A. 49o3000 E
B. 73o4500 W
C. 157o1500 E
D. 170o3000 W
B. Determine the
season.

Problem 7
The local time at
8001500S &
6003000W is 10 hrs,
Sept 25, find the time
and date at on the ffg.
Places.

A. UT
B. 75oE
C. 900 W
D. 165 0 E
E. 135o W
F. 180o
G. 15o E
Determine the season.

Plot the point

Problem 8

The local time at 68o4500N,

23o1500 E is 21:15hrs. Sept
27, 2006.
A. Calculate the time of the
following Longitudes
1. UT=
2. 69o1500 W =
3. 52o1500 E =
4. 146o3000 W =
5. 128o1500 E =
6. 168o4500 W =
B. Determine the season
C. Determine the distance
from the
1. Tropic of Cancer (mi)
2. Antarctic Circle (km)
3. 3503000 W (mi)
D. Plot the point

A 1. 19:15 hrs Sept. 27

2. 14:15hrs

3. 22:15 hrs

4. 9:15

5. 4:15 hrs. Sept. 28

6. 8:15 hrs
B. Autumn
C. 1. 70 x 45.25 = 3167.5 mi

68o45

- 23o30

45o15

2. Antarctic
135.25 x 112 = 15148
km

68o45

+66o30

135o15

Problem 9

 END OF PRESENTATION
NEXT MEETING EXAM!