Introduction

Types of bearings
Rolling Contact Bearings
Construction
Classification
Bearing Types
Bearing Life
Merits & Demerits

Introduction to
bearings

Objective of bearing is to provide

relative positioning and rotational
freedom while transmitting a load
between two parts.
In rolling contact bearings as the
name implies the friction is of rolling
type.
It is much smaller than the sliding
type.

Types of bearings
Rolling Contact Bearings
load is transferred through rolling elements such
as balls, straight and tapered cylinders and spherical
rollers.

Journal (sleeve) Bearings

load is transferred through a thin film of

lubricant (oil).

Rolling Contact Bearings

Rolling contact bearings are also known as antifriction
bearings.
The load, speed, and operating viscosity of the lubricant
affect the friction characteristics of a rolling bearing.
These bearings provide coefficients of friction between
0.001 and 0.002.
The designer must deal with such matters as fatigue,
friction, heat, lubrication, kinematics problems, material
properties, machining tolerances, assembly, use and cost

The rolling contact bearings are composed of

four elements.
i.Outer race
ii.Inner race
iii.Rolling element
iv.Cage of retaining ring

Construction Diagram :

Roller contact bearing

With its parts
i.Outer ring (or) Outer
race
ii.Inner ring (or) inner
race
iii.Rolling elements
iv.Cage or retaining ring

Classification of rolling bearings

Classified into two types

i.Ball Bearing

Deep groove (Conrad) bearing

Filling notch ball bearing
Angular contact bearings (AC)

ii. Roller Bearing

Cylindrical bearings
Needle bearings
Tapered bearings
Spherical bearings

Ball Bearings
Deep groove bearing

Single row of deep groove ball bearing can combinational of

radial and thrust load.

Load capacity is limited by the number of balls
Primarily designed to support radial loads, the thrust capacity
is about 70% of radial load capacity

Filling notch ball bearings

Bearings have the same basic radial construction as

Conrad type. However, a filling notch (loading groove)
permits more balls to be used.
Radial load capacity is 20 40% higher than Conrad
type.
Thrust load capacity drops to 20% (2 directions) of
radial load capacity.

Angular contact Ball bearings (AC)

The centerline of contact between the balls and the raceway is at an

angle to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
Used for high radial and thrust load applications

RADIAL AND ANGULAR BEARING

Standardization of bearings

Roller Bearings
Roller bearings have higher load capacity than ball
bearings, load is transmitted through line contact instead
of point contact.
Helical rollers are made by winding rectangular
material into roller. Due to inherent flexibility they are
capable of taking considerable misalignment.
A roller with length much larger than diameter is
known as needle roller and are used where radial space is
limited. Cage nay be absent in needle roller bearings.

ROLLER BEARINGS

If a bearing is clean, properly lubricated and mounted and is

operating at reasonable temp., failure is due to fatigue caused
by repeated contact stresses (Hertzian stress)
Fatigue failure consists of a spalling or pitting of the curved surfaces

Spalling
crack initiates below the curved surface at the location of
maximum shear stress, propagates to the surface causing
surface damage.
Failure criterion spalling or pitting of an area of 0.01 in 2,
Timken company (tapered bearings)

LIFE number of revolution or hours of operation, at

constant speed, required for the failure criterion to
develop.
defines the number of revolution or
hours of operation, at constant speed, in such a way
that
of the bearings tested (from the same group)
will complete or exceed before the first evidence of
failure develops. This is known as
life.
For ball bearings and spherical bearings:
L10 = 500 (hours) x 33.33 (rpm) x 60 = 106 = 1 million
revolutions
For tapered bearings manufactured by
Timken:
L10 = 3000 (hours) x 500 (rpm) x 60 = 90 x 106 = 90
million revolutions
Basic Dynamic Load Rating, C constant radial load that a
group of bearings can carry for L10 life.

Bearing Life

Bearing life

PRELOADING OF BEARING
Preloading or Duplexing is used to
eliminate the play or clearance in either
radial or axial direction of ball bearing to
be used for precision machine tool.

Merits of Rolling contact bearings

Low starting and good operating friction torque.

East of lubrication

Requiring less axial space.

Generally, taking both radial and axial loads.

Rapid replacement

Warning of impending failure by increasing

noisiness.

Good low-temperature starting.

Demerits of rolling element bearings:

Greater diametric space.

More severe alignment requirements.

Higher initial cost.

Noisier normal operation.

Finite life due to eventual failure by

fatigue.

Ease of damage by foreign matter.

Poor damping ability.