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OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Thermal Shock, Fatigue and Creep
3. Wire tests
4. Future work
solenoid
magnet
proton beam
Target Parameters
Proton Beam
pulsed
pulse length
energy
average power
50 Hz
~40 s
~10 GeV
~4 MW
2 cm
20 cm
solenoids
Target Bars
Proton
beam
The target bars are
connected by links like a bicycle chain.
Thermal Shock
E = 300 GPa
= 0.9x10-5 K-1
T = 100 K
Fatigue
&
Creep
Stress,
S
0 = 1.6 Hv 0.1Hv
0
N = ~106
Number of cycles, N
(log scale)
The solution
Produce shocks by passing high
current pulses through thin wires.
Thermal Force
Lorenz Force
Lorenz + Thermal Force
100 ns pulse
macro-pulse
Radial characteristic
time
3 micro-pulses in 3 cm diameter target
Goran Skoro
Macro-pulse length, s
LS-DYNA
3 cm diameter target
2 cm diameter target
Wire: 0.5 mm diameter, 3 cm long;
800 ns long pulse, exponential rise,
100 ns rise time
Goran Skoro
Test wire,
0.5 mm
Vacuum chamber,
2x10-7 -1x10-6 mbar
test wire
Penning
gauge
ISO 63 cross
window
ct
8 Co-axial
cables
4 support
rods
Top plate
window
ISO 63 tee
bulkhead high voltage
feed-throughs
Electrical return
copper strip
turbopump
Sliding
connection
Current
Tungsten wire
Stainless steel
split sphere
Fixed
connection
Copper nut
Current
W26
Tungsten
Wire
Assembly
Ultimate
Ultimate
Yield
Yield
Ultimate
Yield
Pulse
Current
A
Temp
Jump
K
Peak
Temp
K
Number of
Pulses to
Failure
4900
7200
90
200
2000
2200
>3.4x106
16,500
W08
6400
150
1900
>1.6x106
W09
5560
5840
6400
120
130
180
1900
2050
1950
4.2x106
9x106
1.3x106
W03
W15
W26
Comments
Broke
Wire stuck to
top connection
(cu blocks)
Top connector
failed
Wire stuck to
top connection
(cu blocks)
Equivalent Power,
MW, in Target
Diameter
2 cm
3 cm
2.3
4.8
3.9
8.4
3
3.3
3.9
6.4
7.0
8.4
6200
140
2000
10x106
3.6
7.8
7520~230 ~1800
3x106
~6
~12
Broke
8000
Equivalent Target: This shows the equivalent beam power (MW) and
radius (cm) in a real target for the same stress in the
W28
6560
180
1900
26.4x106 targetCrack
appeared
4.1
8.8
test wire. Assumes a parabolic beam distribution and 3 micro-pulses per macro-pulse of 20 micro-s.
W26
Broken Tungsten Wire
after 13 million pulses.
Radiation Damage
1.
Conclusions
I believe that the viability of solid tungsten
targets at high-temperature for a long life (~10
years) has been demonstrated with respect to
thermal shock and fatigue and will not suffer
undue radiation damage.
Future Programme
1. Continue wire tests with Tungsten and Graphite.
2. Continue modelling computations.
3. VISAR measurements to asses the properties of
tungsten, and any changes, during the wire tests.
(Effect of thermal shock.)
4. Tests with a proton beam to confirm wire tests and
VISAR measurements but limited number of pulses.
5. Radiation damage studies.
6. Test alloys of tungsten.
7. Design & build a model of the target bar system.
8. Design the solenoid.
9. Design and cost the complete target station including the
beam dump.