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Plasmids genes are not essential for survival of the host, but
essential
under certain environments such as in the presence of
antibiotics.
In laboratory, antibiotic resistance is used as a selectable
marker
Plasmid
Size
Organism
pUC8
2.1kb
E.Coli
ColE1
6.4kb
E.Coli
RP4
54kb
Pseudomonas
Copy number
Number ranges from 1 to more than 50 per cell.(low copy number 1-4
Or high copy number 10 -100/cell)
Types of plasmids
A) Based on copy number There are two types of plasmids
1.Relaxed plasmids:
-which are normally maintained at multiple copies per
cell.
2.Stringent plasmids:
- which have a limited number of copies per cell
B) Based on function coded by the plasmid genes- Five types
1.Fertility or F plasmids :
2. Resistance or R plasmids:
- Confer antibiotic resistance on the bacteria that contain
them.
- They have genes that codes for enzymes capable of
destroying or
modifying antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol
and
kanamycin
- Some have single resistance genes others have as many
as eight
- Many R plasmids are conjugative Plasmids - they spread
throughout the population but not rapidly as F plasmid.
3. Col plasmids:
4. Degradative plasmids:
-which enable the bacterium to metabolize unusual substanc
such as toluene or salicylic acid. Eg: TOL of Pseudomonas p
5. Virulence plasmids:
- Confer pathogenicity on the host bacterium. Eg: Ti plasmids
Agrobacterium tumefaciens which induce crown gall disease
dicotyledonous plants.
F, R386
R1
FIII
FIV
R124
R62, R64, R483 (at
least 5 subgroups)
R391
R46
R724
RP4, RK2
I
J
N
O
P
Q
T
W
RSF1010
R401
R388, S-a