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INTRODUCTION
Electrical diagrams are drawings in which lines, symbols,
letter and number combinations are used to represent
electrical circuits.
In some plants, electrical diagrams may also be called
Symbols
Symbols are used to standardize the reading of
electrical diagrams. Electrical diagrams use a variety
of symbols to represent component in electrical circuit
Two tables that are helpful in understanding electrical
diagrams are:
(a)
(b) The weight (or width) of a line does not affect the meaning of
the symbol. In some cases a heavier line may be used for
emphasis.
(c) Symbols are not drawn to scale. They can be drawn to any size
compatible with the scale of the drawing.
(d) Arrowheads can be drawn closed or open, except when
showing a "protective gap" (a gap placed between line parts
and the ground which limits the maximum over-voltage that
may occur.)
(e) The standard symbol for a terminal (o) can be added to any
one of the graphic symbols where connecting lines are
attached. This added terminal symbol is not a part of the
graphic symbol itself.
(f) In order to make a drawing simpler, graphic symbols for
devices such as relays or contactors may be drawn in parts.
However, if this is done the drawing must show how the parts
are related.
(g) Most often, it does not matter at which angle a connecting line
is drawn to meet a graphic symbol.
(h) Broken lines with short dashes: - - - - - - , may be used to show
paths or equipment that will be added to the circuit later, or
those which are connected to the circuit but are not part of it.
(i) If details such as type, impedance, and rating are to be given,
they should be drawn next to a symbol. If abbreviations are
used, they should be in accordance with the American Standard
Abbreviations for Use on Drawings. Letters that are joined
together and use parts of graphic symbols are not
abbreviations.
Notes
The notes on an electrical diagram usually give detailed
information about certain parts of the diagram and/or list
other reference that may be needed
Legend
Legend identify symbols and designations that are used
on electrical diagrams
Some times, the legend is a part of the diagram
sheet but, in many cases ,it is separate sheet
Suffix Letters
Suffix letters are used with device function number for various
purpose. In order to prevent possible conflict, any suffix letter
used singly, or any combination of letters, denotes only one
word or meaning in individual equipment
For purpose of clarification, these suffix letter have been
classified in several groupings
Types of Diagrams
One-Line Diagram
A one-line diagram, which is also called a single-line
diagram, is the most commonly used diagram in an
industrial power system.
Purpose
Interpreting the scope of a proposed installation of a power
system.
Serving as a basis to produce project drawings.
Analyzing power system problems.
Determining which circuit interrupters must be opened to
Characteristics
Single lines
Standard graphical symbols
Standard nomenclature
A one line diagram shows the power path of an electrical circuit
or a system of circuit
A one line diagram also shows the component devices or a
parts of a power system
Assembly.
A4, A5, B4, B5
A6, B6, C6
A6.1, B6.1
Three-Line diagram
Purpose
Three line diagram provides detailed information
pertaining to three-phase circuitry that is not
shown on a one-line diagram
Three-line diagrams help plant maintenance and
characteristics
A three-line diagram represents power system
components using the same standardized
symbols as a one line diagram plus an additional
set of standardized symbols that are also used in
schematic and wiring diagrams
Unlike one-line diagram, a three-line diagram
Schematic Diagrams
Purpose
Schematic diagrams shows circuit elements and internal
connections in an arrangement that allows a technician to
interpret the function and operational logic of an electrical
control circuit
Characteristics
Schematic diagrams are composed using the same
show
only the internal circuits of a single physical device. Figure
(a) is an example of an internal schematic diagram. It
represents the internal circuits of a protective relay.
show the
internal circuits of physical devices but additionally show
the external circuits that conduct input and output signals
into and out of the devices. Figure (b) shows the elements
of the same relay that is shown in Figure (a) but also shows
the external circuit that connect this relay to other physical
devices.
Elementary Diagrams
--
Ladder Diagrams
--
Wiring Diagrams
A wiring diagram uses standardized symbols to show the
Purpose
Wiring diagrams are used by equipment
Characteristics
Wiring diagrams show functional devices in their correct
Logic Diagrams
Logic diagrams show the logic for complex circuits,
processes, or devices. Logic diagrams utilize block-type and
standardized logic-function symbols to represent highly
complex functions that are performed either by integrated
processing modules or by individual devices.
Purpose
Logic diagrams enable the equipment users to understand
the related logic functions of devices or processes without
requiring specific knowledge of their internal operations.
Characteristics
Logic diagrams utilize rectangular shaped blocks and
Numbering System
Format
Major Electrical Equipment
The following numbering system shall be used for major electrical
equipment in the primary power distribution system, power
supplies to process equipment, essential power distribution
systems, instrument power supplies, and supervisory systems.
CATEGORY CODES
EXAMPLES:
1. ESWG-83-2001A
ESWG -Essential Switchgear
83 -WBS unit number
20 -The voltage level of this equipment is 13.8 kV
01 -The first equipment in this series of this type of
equipment
A -Connected to bus A
2. XFR-70-1001B
XFR -Power Transformer
70 -WBS unit number
10 -The voltage level of this equipment is 34.5 kV
01 -The first equipment in this series of this type of
equipment
B -Connected to bus B
3. MCC-84-4003B1 or MCC-84-4003B2
MCC Motor Control Center
84 WBS unit number
40 The voltage level of this equipment is 480 volts
03 The third equipment in this series of this type of
equipment
B Connected to bus B
1 or 2 The first or the second MCC connected to bus B
4. SUB-82
SUB Substation
82 WBS unit number
Note that substations do not have a voltage number or serial
number.
EXAMPLES:
1. ELP-82-A
ELP -Essential Lighting Panel
82 -WBS unit number
A -Unique letter designation
2. PP-82-B
PP -Power Panel
82- WBS unit number
B -Unique letter designation