Basic ICT Concepts

By : Ms. Kalpani Manatunga

GCE (A/L) ICT Training for Teachers

Data Vs. Information

1200 100
West Charles
Mann
79154 TM Shoes

Monthly Sales Report

for West Region
Sales Rep: Charles Mann
Emp No. 79154
Item Qty Sold Price
TM Shoes 1200 $100

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 Data is a representation of a fact, a

number, a word, an image, a picture or a
sound.
They refer to an elementary description of
things, events, activities and transactions that
are recorded, classified, and stored, BUT NOT
ORGANIZED to convey any specific meaning.
Information is data that have been
organized to provide a meaning and value
to the recipient.

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Qualitative Vs. Quantitative

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Information Generation

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 Characteristics of information:
o
o
o
o

Relevant
Complete
Accurate
Current

Data Information Knowledge

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 Quality of Information is the fitness of

information to be used.
Qualities of information:
o
o
o
o

Meaningful
Fascinating
Updates prior knowledge
Help in decision making

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Data Processing Cycle

Information?
o processed

outcome of data. (it is

derived from data)
Data

Process

Information

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Value of Information
Value of information depends on its
relevance.
Information has the highest value at the
moment those are created or at the
moment that is received.
Value of information gradually fades
away with the time being.

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Manual Data Processing

Relies on people processing data or
information manually.
Consumes lot of time
Less efficient
Less accurate
Not reliable

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Components of a Computer system

Hardware
Eg: Keyboard, mouse, monitor
Software
Eg: Ms Office package
Firmware
Eg: boot up program
Liveware
Eg: users

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Classification of Hardware
Input devices
o Keyboard, pointing devices, scanner, web cam
Output devices
o Monitor, printer
Listening devices
o Speakers, headset
Memory devices
o

RAM, ROM, H/D, pen drives, discs

Control & processing devices

o

CU, ALU, registers

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Classification of Software
System s/w
o
o

Operating systems
Utility programs like disc cleaners, antivirus, etc..

Application s/w
o
o

Word processing applications

DBMS

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 Copyrighted s/w (proprietary s/w)

o

Windows operating systems, Macromedia,

etc..

Open source s/w

o

Open office, Linux, Mozilla

Software piracy making illegal copies of
software
Privacy protecting personal information

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