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Biology
Paper 2
Prepared
by :
Azneezal Ar-
Rashid
• Common name of ascorbic acid?
– Vitamin C
• Still you remember DCPIP solution?
– What colour?
• Blue solution
Vitamin C
DCPIP
Vitamin C
DCPIP
Vitamin C
DCPIP
5ml
of
DCPIP
Solution
– DCPIP + Vitamin C?
• Vit C reduces the DCPIP solution (blue solution) to
colourless solution
How to calculate?
• Remember :
– Percentage ?
– Concentration?
Example
------------------------------------- X 0.1
%
Vol of sampel solution used
• Percentage : 1.0cm2
------------ X 0.1 %
3.7 cm2
= 0.027 %
• Concentration of vitamin C?
= 0.27 mg cm-3
Try this!
Test Test Average
1 2
Ascorbic acid 1.0 cm2 1.0 cm2 1.0 + 1.0
----------- =
2
Percentage :
Concentration :
Second Try !
Test Test Average
1 2
Ascorbic acid 1.0 cm2 1.0 cm2 1.0 + 1.0
----------- =
2
Enzyme-substrate complex
Product
Glucose
Enzyme-substrate complex
Fructose
Glu Glu Maltose
Glu Fru Sucrose
Lactase
Factors that affect the rate of
enzyme reaction
• pH
• Temperature
• Concentration of enzyme
• Concentration of substrate
Meanings of Flowers
• Rose (Pink) - happiness
• Rose (Red) - I love you
• Rose (Yellow) - friendship
• Rose (White) - purity
Next,
Test your understanding
• Any tissue?
• Any cell?
• Function stomata?
• Function of waxy cuticle?
• Function of chloroplast?
• Function of xylem?
• Floem?
Waxy cuticle?
What will happen if the waxy cuticle
is removed?
Vascular bundles :
xylem & phloem
Stomata
Where can we find stomata
abundantly?
Endangered
ecosystem
Haze
• Haze is traditionally an atmospheric
phenomenon where dust, smoke and
other dry particles obscure the clarity of
the sky.
Related to the open burning?
• Sources for haze particles include farming
(ploughing in dry weather), traffic, industry,
and wildfires.
Haze obscuring the Faisal Mosque
in Islamabad.
How to control the
haze?
Animals?
Paper 3
• 2 experimental questions
– Question 1
• 33 marks
– Longman 193 :
» Anaerobic respiration in yeast
– Question 2
• 17 marks
– Longman 245 :
» Population ecology
Question 1
you can do it!
Set A
Paraffin oil
Lime water
(clear solution)
Glucose solution
Set B
Paraffin oil
Lime water
(clear solution)
Glucose solution
+
Yeast
Apparatus?
Materials?
Aim?
• To investigate the ____________ in
______________
Hypothesis?
• In anaerobic respiration of yeast,
_______, ________ and _______ are
produced
Variables?
Refer to he diagrams!
• Constant
– _________
– _________
• Manipulated
– _________ Can you?
– _________
• Responding
– _________
– _________
Variables Method to handle the
variable
Constant -paraffin oil is filled up to avoid
-presence of paraffin oil atmospheric oxygen
Manipulated
-presence of yeast -yeast is cooled before inoculation
In the glucose solution
Set A
(glucose)
Set B
(glucose + yeast)
Related questions!
• What can you observed?
• Hypothesis?
• Another paramater?
– What is the parameter?
• Equation for anaerobic respiration in
yeast!
– Can you write it down now??
• Operation definition for anaerobic
respiration?
– Respiration process
– Use glucose to produce energy + CO2
– Absence of O2
• If the experiment is repeated with 40 % of
glucose solution, what is the result?
• 60% maybe?
• 3%?