THE RULING OF FASTING

FOR THE SICK PERSON

Mohammad Hairul hafizan bin Hanape
13b0234
Shariah and Law

Fasting according to
the Shariah
Linguistically: means the ultimate abstaining
and keeping away from something.
Shariah: abstaining from everything that
breaks your fasting from the dawn time until
sunset and the intention to perform fasting
by the one who is eligible to do that.

 O you who believe! Observing the fasting is

prescribed for you as it was prescribed for
those before you, that you may become the
pious (al-Baqarah, 2:183)
The month of Ramadan in which was
revealed the Quran, a guidance for mankind
and clear proofs for the guidance and the
criterion (between right and wrong). (alBaqarah, 2:185)

hadith
on the authority of Sahl ibn Sad (may Allah
be pleased with him) who said: the Prophet
Sallallahu alaihi wassallam (S.A.W.) said:
there is a gate in Paradise called al-Rayyan,
and those who observe fasting will enter
through it on the Day of resurrection and
none except them will enter through it.

Who should observe

fasting?
Adult sane Muslim
Physically well and resident
As for the woman, she should be free from
menstruation and child birth.
EXCEPT: a disbeliever, insane, young boy,
sick, travelling, menstruation woman or in
childbed, an old man or woman, pregnant, or
a breastfeeding woman.

 (Fasting for) a limited number of days. So

whoever among you is ill or on a journey
(during them) - then an equal number of
days (are to be made up). And upon those
who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a
ransom (as substitute) of feeding a poor
person (each day). And whoever volunteers
excess - it is better for him. But to fast is
best for you, if you only knew. (Surah alBaqarah: 184)

 Allah gives permission for those who are sick

during the time of Ramadan fasting
(obligatory fast) by using the Rukshah
method for their wellbeing.
Allahs Command: Allah intends for you
ease and does not intend for you hardship
and (wants) for you to complete the period
and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has
guided you; and perhaps you will be
grateful. (surah al-Baqarah: 185)

Chapter II: Degree of the

sickness
So whoever among you is ill - then an equal
number of days (are to be made up). And upon
those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a
ransom (as substitute) of feeding a poor person
(each day).
The degree of sickness can be divided as follows:
1.permanent illness and 2.temporary illness

 1-Permanent, consistent incurable disease

such as, cancers, chronic illnesses as kidney
failure and heart diseases. if this person still
want to do his fasting, then possibly it will lead
to his death.
2-temporary or short-term and curable i.e.
common
cold.
Light
health
problems
i.e.headache, stomach ache, ulcers, these
health problems does not affect his capacity to
fasting, he is obliged to pursue with his
fasting.

Chapter III: Opinion of the

Scholars
Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you
hardship(al-Baqarah: 185)
1)Permanent sickness: fears his sickness will worsen or
his sickness has chance to be healed but it will take a long
period of time, he can break his fasting (harus).
(makruh) for him to continue his fasting in his
condition.
If he fears suffer calamity or worse, death: wajib to break
fast and haram to continue fast.


: And do not kill yourselves [or one another].


Indeed, Allah is to you ever Merciful. (Surah an-Nisa: 29)

 Permanent: fidyah i.e. to feed ten needy people (almasakin) for every day that they are breaking their
fasting.
Pay everyday, or can wait and counted the missing days
then pay the fidyah i.e. if 20 days, wait first then gather
the needy people.
Aged people and incapable (old): The practice of Anas bin
Malik RA: very old (70-90 years)
(1/4) sha or a half-kilogram of staple food (one sha = 3
kg)

 2) temporary or short-term illness: 3

circumstances
1)light illness such as
obligatory for him to
headache, stomach
ache, ulcers, bodily
pains

fast and it is haram for

him to break fast
(reason:not darurah)

2) unfit to do the fasting,

and burden to him even
though the nature if his
sickness is not
perpetuating, such as
suffering from common
cold,

(makruh) to fast on that

day as he is doing the
rukhsah (enlightenment)
that Allah Taala has given
to the believers

3)continue his fasting then

the act will harmful to his
health and body

haram for him to continue

his fast and he is ordered
to breakfast

and do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into

destruction [by refraining]. And do good; indeed, Allah
loves the doers of good. (Surah al-Baqarah: 195)

While from the hadith of Rasulullah S.A.W.: There is no

harm and nothing harms (narrations of Ibnu Majah and
al-Hakim)

HOWEVER, Allah says: But to fast is best for you,

if you only knew. (Surah al-Baqarah: 184) i.e.
common cold, if he can tolerate fasting, then fast.

 How to identify the intensity of

sickness by the sick person: can only be
known only by the subjective sensation of
that person or by the help of verification of a
qualified or expert (i.e. doctor, medical
officers) whom are trustworthy, and this
respect it is recommended to consult a
medical advice from a Muslim doctor (some
knowledge about fiqh) or health practitioner.

Chapter 4: fidyah
al-Shafiiyah, al-Hanafiah and al-hanabilah fidyah in
fasting is only allowed for the aged people whom do
not possess the adequate ability to do fasting, and
also for the people whom suffer from incurable
diseases











And upon those who are able [to fast, but with
hardship] - a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor
person [each day]. (Surah al-Baqarah: 184)
the Ulema of al-Malikiyah and al-Shafiiyah are of the
opinion that the amount of fidyah that must be given
are one mud for every one day of not fasting.

 The mutakakhirin Ulema such as Syaikh

Sholih Al Fauzan dan Al Lajnah Ad Daimah lil
Buhuts Al Ilmiyyah wal Ifta
half sho from the staple food at a particular
place or settlement (either dates, rice)
the traditions of Sahabi one of which was
Ibnu Abbas R.A.

 the measurement of one sho is equal to four

mud; one sho is approximately three
kilogram, half sho is equal to one and a half
kilogram.
The most appropritate and acceptable
opinion is that this matter will be viewed
according to the urf (the common practice)
of the people in whom a person residing .

Chapter V: Diseases and their treatments,

and their relationship with fasting
Dialysis treatment (kidney failure)
1)Some of the scholars are
of the opinion that going
through a dialysis
treatment will nullified and
break the fast of the
fasting person.

2)Another opinion is that

doing the dialysis
treatment is not nullifying
the fast.

>involved the draining out of

blood to purify it.
during the dialysis treatment,
there are certain nutrients
enriched into the purified
blood and then goes back to
the body.

>Even though there are

enrichment of nutrients, this is
only a need for medical
purpose.

 Cupping
Cupping (hijama) is the best remedy recommended
and used by the Holy Prophet S.A.W. The Holy
Prophet S.A.W. said, "Indeed the best of remedies
you have is cupping (hijama)" [Saheeh alBukhaaree (5371)].
'Hijama' in arabic is derived from 'hajm' which
means 'sucking'. Cupping (hijama) is the process of
applying cups to various points on the body by
removing the air inside the cups to form a vacuum.

 The most common practiced is wet cupping (hijama) - This is

the process of using a vacuum at different points on the body
but with small incisions in order to remove 'harmful' blood
which lies just beneath the surface of the skin.
Regarding doing the cupping during the month of Ramadan,
it is reported by Ibnu Abbas R.A. that: Rasulullah S.A.W. was
cupping while he was fasting (Sahih Bukhari).
However it is recommended that doing cupping at night time,
it is most suitable. This is because a Hadith that the Prophet
S.A.W. said: Breakfasting for those who do the cupping and
those whom cupping is done unto him (Sahih Bukhari).

Several medical-related things that will not

break the fast
Using the inhaler for people who suffer asthma. the
person will inhale something that will go into his
breathing system, which is through the mouth.
However it is excused that the person is in really need
of that medicine.
Using the injection needle for the purpose of consuming
control drugs i.e. the diabetes mellitus person who needs to
take injection after several hours. Needle injection is different
from normal eating or drinking.

Eye dropping, as the eyes are not opening organ.

Donating blood, as like cupping, however doing it might

make the person exhausted as his body is dehydrated (due to
the loss of liquid in blood). It is suitable to do it during the
night.

Receiving donated blood: although the person

receiving blood which will increases the volume of
liquid in his body, the process is done through a needle
injection, and through the veins which are not the
opening organs.
Using oxygen mask (for breathing facility)
The using of Anaesthetic drugs and inhaling anaesthetic gas
for the medical purposes.
The usage of cream on the skin & The spraying of medicine
onto the tongue; with a condition that the person do not
intentionally consuming it.

conclusion
Islam is the religion of the way of life, which
covers all of the normal aspects of a human. Allah
Taala will not burden a Muslim save for that the
level of taklif is tolerable by him. As Allahs

Decree:
Allah does not charge a soul except [with that
within] its capacity. It will have [the consequence
of] what [good] it has gained, and it will bear [the
consequence of] what [evil] it has earned. (Surah
al-Baqarah: 286)

Ilal li qaa and thank you for

listening