Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Materials
Plumbing
Pumping
Throughput
Ultimate pressure
Dynamic equilibrium
Pumping speed
Leaks
Leaks
Real
Holes in the system!
Virtual
Surface adsorption
Outgassing
Hubers rule
Water desorbs very slowly from all surfaces
Always backfill your vacuum system with dry
nitrogen
Glass
Brass
Aluminum
Chemically inert
Macor
Teflon
Bakes over 200 C
Soft; poor mechanical strength
Polyimide (Kapton)
Very low vapor pressure
Used for tape!
O-ring
seals
Cross Section
Width
Depth
(mm)
(W)
(L)
1.3
0.8
1.5
1.8
1.1
2.6
1.5
2.5
3.2
1.9
3.9
2.3
3.5
4.5
2.7
5.2
3.15
4.5
5.8
3.6
5.5
4.3
5.5
4.7
6.5
6.5
5.5
7.5
5.7
7.5
6.6
8.5
6.8
8.5
7.23
9.5
7.65
9.5
10
8.08
10
10.5
8.5
Vacuum Valves
Glass
Stopcocks
Ace valves
Neither is bakeable to very high temperature
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Valve seat
Diaphragm!
Valve
seat
Stem seal
O-ring
Bellows
Actuator knob
Manual actuator
Minimal reduction in throughput!
Traps
P(T) = P0 exp(-Hv/R(1/T 1/T0))
At 275 K, pump oil has very low vapor
pressure
Hence the water baffle