Design of water supply

system of Tonk city using

water CAD

Presented by
Narendra Kumar
M.Tech (EE)
Roll no. 121660

contents
Introduction.
Overview of WSS.
System components & description.
Water treatment plant process & flow layout.
Storage reservoirs & distribution network theories.
Selection of pipe material for distribution & conveying

mains.
Scope of thesis work.
Tonk city profile & existing situation-data collection.

Comprehensive water supply system design

for the city.

Population projection for the ultimate year &

demand forecast.
Gap study analysis between present & future

demand.
Issues & challenges in water supply system in

the city.
future strategies & adequacy.

Overview of WSS.
A water supply system or water supply network is a

system

of

engineering

hydraulic

&

hydraulic

components which provide cleaned & aesthetic quality

supply of water to the human beings.
A set of hydraulic pumps, storage reservoirs, filtration

unit, pumping stations & elevated reservoirs including

distribution network pipelines & consumer metering.
Description

also

includes-water

quality

standards,

availability of water sources, appropriate flow rate,

pressure are needed for effective use.

System components &description

Sources of water-surface & ground water
Catchment-water supply & quality land use.
Pumping or gravity system withdrawing water

from source.
Water treatment plant.
Storage reservoirs ( CWR & ESR)
Distribution network.
User-general public potable.

Water
treatment process & flow layout
Treated methodsFlocculation/coagulation methods
Filtration-to remove clay, silts, natural OM, Fe & Mg.
Ion exchange-to remove excess fluoride, Ar,

nitrates, hard water treatment.

Disinfection(chlorination/ ozonation)
Absorption through activated carbon removing

organic contaminants, unwanted coloring, taste &

odour.

Flow chart

Storage reservoirs & DN theories

Objective-To store the clear treated water & to

give desired pressure in the distribution line

for every consumer.
Treated water is pumped to a storage tank,

those are elevated( ESR-OHSR , CWR & GSR)

ST serves two purposes-I. store water until it

is needed which reduces the peak demand on

the treatment facility .II.ESR creates pressure
in the WDN.

Distribution network contains water pipelines,

fitting valves, service lines ,metering & fire

hydrants.
Two types of distribution network are:
I . Loop system. II. Branch system- parallel & series.
Loop system are more desirable because it provide

redundancy due to installed isolation valves , these

valves creates flow more than one direction, if leak
occurs no need to shut down entire system.
Whereas in branch if leak occurs entire system

must be shutdown to repair a leak.

For DN gravity system is more reliable & pumping system

is provided for reliability.

Selection of pipe material-It depends on the topographical

land use pattern & feasibility of the system. CPHEO & EPA
guidelines decide the size standard, material of the pipes.
Pipe materials-ductile iron, plastics (HDPE/PVC)
Reinforced concrete, steel, Cast Iron or asbestos cement.
SDR-standard dimensions ratio is used it is the ratio of

pipe diameter to pipe wall thickness.

Pipe strength depends on the size, thickness, load, trench,

depth & pressure.

Joints & valves are used in the DN .

I.

Types of joints- Compression

II. Mechanical.
III. Flanged.
IV. Solvent & soldered.
. Types of valves usedI.

Gate/ butterfly/swing.

II. Check valves( permit water flow in one direction only)

III. Automatic valves.
IV. Pressure reducing valves & solenoid.
V. Altitude valves ( control flow into &out of a storage tank)
VI. Solenoid pilot valves ( electric current)

Evaluating criteriaSupply + storage must meet current daily demand.

Intake capacity must be designed large enough to handle

demand. It must be reliable .

Pumping capacity should be reliable .
Design life of pumping network -40 to 50 years.
Large mains size-12 sub mains size-6 or 8
Typical distribution pressure-65-75psi, designed for <150psi.
Iron pipe should not be > 150 psi pressure can cause leak &

damage to the system.

Consumer-for residential minimum pressure should be

40psi.pressure reducing valve are used for this purpose.

For industrial & commercial consumers more pressure

is required ,so for that purpose maximum DP should be

80psi. Pumps can be used to increase pressure.
Adequate supply of pure drinkable water with uniform

pressure & flow rate are main objective.

Drinkable water should be appetizing & tempting,

colorless, clear, cold, odorless & perfectly fresh with

regards to taste.
Design for <150psi smooth interior pipes surface,

cement lining or coating are to reduce pitting &

corrosion associated with iron pipe line.

gate valves
Butterfly

pressure reducing valves.

Scope of thesis work

Study existing situations.
Analyzing t he gap assessment ( demand & population forecasting)
Future sustainability for next 30 years demand.
Feasibility study.
Proposals & identifications.
Water supply system technologies.wtp methods.
Economics of the technologies.
Design of wtp, DN-design, selection of pipe material,
Economics of transmission
Metering & connections.
Costing & estimation of the project.

Work progress- Tonk city-Rajasthan

City profile-existing water supply situations in

the
s.no. city.
Description

Data

Area of the city

70.12 sq.km

Population as per 2011 census

1,65,363

Growth rate(2001-2011) CAGR

2%

Population density/sq.km

20,816 Persons/sq.km.

Sex ratio

1000:949

Work force participation ratio

81.80%

SC/ST Population

20,891

No. of wards

45

Town elevation

274.32

10

ULB status

Municipal council

11

Total road length

363km

12

Existing road network

252.85km

Tonk is a district headquarter located 100km far

away from the state capital Jaipur on the NH-12
(Jaipur Kota NH.)
Surrounded by Aravali hills region on the northern
1

side
2

Average altitude

300 meter from MSL.

Latitude

26 degree

3
East
longitude
Average
altitude.

75degree47

Topography level

Almost flat town with rocky but

rugged hills.
274.32metre above sea level.

Elevation

Shape of the town

Climate

humidity

Relatively very low.

Average rainfall

638mm.

90% rainfall

During June to Sept.

Kite or rhombus with its eastern &

western sides
Dry in south western monsoon starts
at June &ended till September.

Sources of water

Ground & underground

water( banas river tube wells

Tube wells,
Seasonal lack perennial river.

24 open wells sunk in the banas river

bed, other sources are underground
water through 37 tube wells created at
various locations in the city.

Alternate major source for

future
Bisulpur dam storage capacity

Bisulpur dam.

Presently water supply

through bisulpur

Jaipur , Ajmer,Deoli,
Beawar,Kishangarh.

Three seasonal rivers are

available

Banas,Mashi, Sahodara.

115.50 cubic meter

Existing water supply system

There is no treatment plant of water except

chlorination using bleaching powder. PHED is

responsible
for
planning,
design
&
development of water supply schemes.
Description
Source of water supply
No. of bore wells
No. of functioning open wells
Average ground water level
Quantity supplied daily
Length of transmission main
Length of distribution mains
No. of storage reservoirs
Total Storage capacity
Rate of supply
Total house service connections
Maintenance staff available

Value
BW & OW
66
35-40 m
12 MLD
103.6 km
252 km
7
6.60 ML
54 lpcd
15074
42

Population projection & water

demand
Demography-The town witnessed high

population growth (average CAGR 2.71

percent) during 1971-2011

Compound annual growth rate

Year

Population

Compounded Annual
Growth Rate (CAGR)

1901
1911
1921
1931
1941
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011

Nos.
38,759
33,864
30,374
35,798
38,650
42,833
43,413
55,866
77,653
100,079
135,689
165,363

%
(1.34)
(1.08)
1.66
0.77
1.03
0.13
2.55
3.35
2.57
3.09
2.00

Water
demand
calculation&
methodsincremental increase method is preferred here
because results are coming more appropriate.

Methods
Arithmetical
method
Geometrical
method
Incremental
method

Year
2015

2020

2030

2033

2045

Increase 173,458

183,663

204,073

210,196

234,688

increase 176,608

191,845

226,377 237,902

290,172

increase 175,083

188,626

220,066 230,630

278,109

 Total water demand for the year 2016-2046

The total daily demand to meet the intermediate
year (2031)
population and ultimate year
population i.e., 2046are 35.58 MLD and 44.96 MLD
respectively
Census year

Populatio
n

Demand
Water
@135lpcd losses
(MLD)
15%@13.5
lpcd
(MLD)

Floating
pop@40lp
cd
(MLD)

Total
demand
in
(MLD)

2016

177,676

23.98

3.597

0.710

28.28

2021

191,509

25.85

3.877

0.766

30.49

2025

203,620

27.48

4.122

0.814

32.41

2031

223,529

30.17

4.525

0.8940

35.58

2035

237962

32.12

4.818

0.951

37.88

2041

261,354

35.28

5.292

0.104

40.67

2046

282,443

38.12

5.718

1.129

44.96

Gap analysis in present year &

ultimate year

Year 2011
Total water demand=

Year 2046
26.33

Total storage capacity=9.212ml

Total water demand=44.96mld

Total storage capacity=15.73mld

Gap between demand=44.96-26.33=18.63mld is required to fill up

the gap.

Distribution network coverage it

should be 90% 0f the total road length.
1

Existing total road length

363km

Existing distribution network

coverage

252.85km

For 90% coverage of total road length 326.7km

is required

Gap between existing & proposing

73.85km

So the required DN

73.85km

Issues & challenges of WSS in the city

Water supply is major concern of town and at present water is supplied @ 72 LPCD

No master plan of water supply exists for the entire TMC area incorporating proposal
for the future population growth
The problem with the existing distribution system is non-uniform supply. Many areas do not

receive water while some area receives water scantly.

High amounts of distribution losses averaging to about 40 percent due to old distribution

network. In addition, unauthorized tapings are found to be more. Due to pipe incrustation and
scaling, the carrying capacities of the pipes have greatly reduced.
Poor performance of pumping mains due to corrosion, formation of scales etc.,

resulting in

extra load on the pumps, which needs immediate replacement. Sucking using electric motors
from the distribution mains is a common affair

New developing areas needs to be considered I. Ground water is not potable.

II. Capacity of service reservoir is not sufficient and their locations cant serve the community

equally with adequate pressure.

Future strategy & water supply goals

Banas river, bisulpur dam & some chambal project are the future

sources .
The state, therefore, has to depend on water from inter-state river

basins where total 14.50 MAF water has been allocated to the state
from various inter-state river basins agreements.
The goal of GoR in water supply sector is that potable water shall
be made available to the entire population of the state within 150
m from their door step at affordable cost. In order to achieve this
goal, GOR has a well thought strategy for water sector that include
the following components. The same will be more relevant to the
present project town also. Water Resource Management .
Already 31 mld water is sanctioned for tonk city from bisulpur dam

project.it will fulfil the demad of water supply for future.

 Extension of water Supply services to uncovered areas

Cost recovery mechanism

Efficiency in operation and maintenance

Replacement of old machinery and network systems.

Capacity building of staff.

Reduce transmission and distribution losses.

Shift the source of water supply from ground water to surface

water, wherever
possible
Non revenue water reduction must be carried NRW is water loss,

difference between demand & supply due to water losses &

pumping static & dynamic losses.
Suppose we are producing 20MLD water through consumer
metering, only 15MLD water is billing. So. Remaining 5MLD is the
NRW.
Reduction of NRW is also main objective in WSS.

Way forward
Preliminary data collection has been completed.
Fly level survey completed to reduce RL.
Design work will be carried out meanwhile detail

feasibility report for the city is going on.

Feasibility report for WSS & flow analysis is carried

out.
Detail design will complete from now onwards.
A comprehensive wss

is required for the city.

References
Water supply system & evaluation methods volume-I water supply system concepts
2. FEMA, U.S.fire administration.
1.

3.

Frank R. Spellman, Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations,

Second Edition (2008), p. 8.

4. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (2004). "Primer for Municipal

5.

Waste water Treatment Systems." Document no. EPA 832-R-04-001.

Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (1972). Wastewater Engineering. McGraw-Hill Book Company.

6. "Safe Water System", US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.

Fact Sheet, World Water Forum 4 Update, June 2006.

8.

"Household Water Treatment Guide", Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation
Technology, Canada, March 2008.

CPHEEO guidelines & design criteria for WSS.

Bisulpur water supply system design details report under RUIDP
scheme.
Dion, T. (2002). Land development for civil engineers (2nd Ed.). New
York: John Wiley &Sons
11. Lindeburg, M. (2008). Civil engineering reference manual for the
PE exam (11th Document no. EPA 832-R-04-001.)
Web search:
USDA at http://www.ks.nrcs.usda.gov/news/highlights/2006_april.html
NASA at
http://www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/surface_hydrology/water_management
.html
NOAA at http://www.csc.noaa.gov/alternatives/infrastructure.html
www.istock.com.
The Groundwater Foundation at www.groundwater.org
USGS at http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3069/
EPA at
http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/mohonkroad/images.html.