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02/09/08 1
Introduction
02/09/08 2
Topics
Mid/Side Coding
Bit Stream
02/09/08 3
Mid/Side Overview
02/09/08 4
Encoder Block Diagram
16-bit PCM WAV
L/R L/R
desired
bit rate MDCT FFT M/S convert
masking masking
block curve curve
floating point
quantize SMR M/S SMR L/R
SMR SMR
packing
write file
02/09/08 5
Decoder Block Diagram
encoded file
read file
array of bytes
unpack
n-bit code
dequantize
convert M/S
sub-band to L/R
(if necessary)
MDCT coefficients
IMDCT
number (double)
02/09/08 6
Mid/Side Coding
Mid = (L+R) / 2
Side = (L-R) / 2
We can losslessly recover L, R by
L = Mid+Side
R = Mid - Side
02/09/08 7
Choose L/R or M/S
∑ k k < 0.8
l 2
− r
k = f lower
2
∑k k
l 2
+ r
k = f lower
2
02/09/08 8
Generate Perceptual Model for L/R
and M/S
To calculate the M/S masking threshold, first the
same two slope spreading function as used for L/R
(from text) is used.
BTHRm – base threshold for the M channel
BTHRs - base threshold for the S channel
Additionally we must consider the stereo masking
contributions in the M and S channels. This is
dependent on the masking level difference between
the M and S channels.
02/09/08 9
Cont.
02/09/08 10
Perceptual Analysis
02/09/08 11
The Masking Thresholds
02/09/08 12
Bit Allocation
Waterfilling Algorithm
All bands in stereo signal (either M/S or L/R) are
ranked in one pool according to SMR
Bits allocated to each band from a common pool
of bits
02/09/08 13
Bit Stream
02/09/08 14
Example: Time-domain block
02/09/08 15
FFT of the block
02/09/08 16
M/S Channels
02/09/08 17
Sum and Difference of FFT energies
02/09/08 18
Listening Test Results
02/09/08 20
Conclusions
02/09/08 21